Electronegativity, Polarity And Bonding+ Shapes Of Molecules Flashcards
Definition of electronegativity
It is the ability of an to attract a pair of electrons towards itself in a covalent bond
How does nuclear charge affect electronegativity
An increase In Number of protons leads to increase in nuclear attraction for the electrons in the outer shell. So an increase nuclear charge results in an increased electronegativity
How does atomic radius affect electronegativity
Electrons closer to the nucleus are more strong,y attracted towards its positive pull. So an increased atomic radius results in a decreased electronegativity
How does shielding affect the electronegativity
An increased number of inner shells and sub shells will result in a decreased electronegativity
What happens to electronegativity across a period/ down a group
It increases across across a period and decreases down a group
Definition of polarity
Is a covalent bond in which there is a separation of charge between one end and the other
How will a bond be non polar
When 2 atoms in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity the covalent bond is non polar
What’s is dipole moment
It is the measure of how polar a bond is
Definition of intermolecular forces
Are weak interactions between dipoles of different molecules
The 3 types of intermolecular forces are
Induced dipole dipole( London forces)- in everything
Permanent dipole dipole- between polar bonds ( opposite ends of molecules)
Hydrogen bonding- type of pd-d ( usually between H and N,O,F
Metallic bonding definition
The strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positively charged metal ions and the delocalised electrons
Ionic bonding definition
The strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
Covalent bonding definition
The strong electrostatic force of attraction between a negative shared pair of electrons and the positive nucleus of the bonded atom
Electrons pair repulsion theory
The electrons on orbitals are negatively charged so they will repel each other so they will take position as far away from each other as possible to minimise repulsion
3 bonding pairs = what shape
Trigonal planar shape
