Electron Configuration

Question 1

Name the letters of the orbitals:

Answer 1

S,p,d and f

Question 2

How many S orbitals in one energy level and how many electrons in each set of S orbitals?

Answer 2

1 set of S orbitals, 2 electrons in each s orbital

Question 3

How many P orbitals in one energy level and how many electrons in each set of P orbitals?

Answer 3

3 P orbitals and 6 electrons in each set

Question 4

How many D orbitals in one energy level and how many electrons in each set of D orbitals?

Answer 4

5 d orbitals and 10 electrons in each set

Question 5

The bigger the number of the orbital….

Answer 5

the further away from the nucleus it becomes

Question 6

Name the electrons orbitals up to 4P6

Answer 6

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6

Question 7

Exceptions to the electron configuration rule:

Answer 7

Chromium and Copper
Cr: 4s1, 3d5
Cu: 4s1, 3d10

Question 8

Cations are formed when..

Answer 8

Electrons are lost, usually from s orbital

Question 9

Anions are formed when…

Answer 9

Electrons are gained, usually added to P orbital

Question 10

What is the Atomic Radius

Answer 10

The distance from the nucleus of a atom to its valence electrons

Question 11

What is the ionic radius

Answer 11

The distance from the nucleus of an ion to its valence electrons

Question 12

Factors affecting radius of atom or ion

Answer 12

1. Number of orbitals required to hold the electrons (more energy levels means electrons are further from the nucleus)
2. Number of protons in the nucleus (more protons with same number of orbitals means more attraction for electrons so smaller radius)

Question 13

Across a period left to right on the periodic table, radii…

Answer 13

Decreases (protons in nucleus increase so attraction for electrons is stronger making radii smaller)

Question 14

Down the periodic table, radii

Answer 14

Increases (each element has successively more electron shells. Further away from nucleus means radius increases)

Question 15

The radius of a cation will always be….

Answer 15

Smaller than the radius of its parent atom

-Electrons are always lost first from s orbitals and these are usually the only electrons in that energy level
-Less energy levels=smaller radius
-Valence electrons are closer to nucleus and therefore greater attraction

Question 16

The radius of an anion will always be…

Answer 16

larger than it’s associated parent atom

-Extra electrons added into the same orbitals (usually p orbitals)
-Increased repulsion between valence electrons = increased radius
-Electrons further from nucleus so weaker attraction