Electromagnetic Radiation Flashcards
Electromagnetic Radiation
- Exists independently of objects
- energy
- Radiates from a source
- the atom
- demonstrates that electromagnetic energy is also energy vibration
- Involved both electric and magnetic fields
Electromagnetic spectrum
What are the characteristics of waves?
amplitude, speed (v), wavelength, frequency
Range or array of wavelengths
electromagnetic spectrum
Frequency vs. Wavelength
- Inversely proportional
- frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz)
- Hz= 1 cycle/sec
The wave equation
velocity= frequency X wavelength
Electromagnetic Wave Equation
Velocity of light= frequency X wavelength
Characteristics of electromag
- no mass
- travel in waves
- move at speed of light
- don’t have constant frequency
Speed (velocity) of light
3 X 10^8 m/s
Radiation travels at the same _______.
velocity
As frequency increases, so does the amount of _______ carried in the wave.
energy
the distance from on crest to another, one valley to another
wavelength
Ionizing radiation is characterized by:
the energy contained in a photon
Excitation: electrons _______ from the nucleus have higher energy levels
farther
Excitation: energy moves electrons to higher energy states “excitation” and returns to its normal state when energy is _______________
released
De-excitation
- when excess energy is released and the atom returns to its lower level state “de-excitation” occurs
- Released energy is in the form of a light photon
Quantity and distance affect _______
frequency
Frequency and energy may be ________
equal
the farther away you are from the source, the less of that source you are recieveing
Inverse Square Law
Gamma Rays
- extreme right of the spectrum
- very high frequency
- short wavelength
- often farther along than x-rays
Originate in the nuclei of atoms
gamma rays
X-rays originate in the:
-electron shells of an atoms
x-rays produced when excited by:
kinetic energies
Effects of ionization
- Electrons removed from an atom, becomes an ion
- Ionization changes atoms (& molecules) and can be destructive to human tissue
Quantum Theory
- x-ray are created with the speed of light
- Exist with velocity or don’t exist at all
As frequency increases so does energy and hence wavelength _______
decreases
Photon energy is ______ proportional to photon frequency
decreased
