Electromagnetic Radiation Flashcards
v =
Frequency
What is Planck’s constant?
6.626 * 10^-34
What does the Quantum Theory state?
Photons above the threshold energy will knock out electrons
What is the equation of KE electron?
KE = Ephoton - work
Absorption is the act of going from
Lower to higher E
Emission is the act of going from
Higher to lower E
What is the Lyman series?
n = 1
What is the Balmer series?
n = 2
What is the force between the nucleus and electrons?
Coloumbic F
The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the
Lower the energy is
Within the Hydrogen atom, what is the Energy of an electron in a shell?
-2.18*10^-18 / n^2
What is the equation for change of energy of an electron?
-2.18*10^-19 (1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2)
n is the principle quantum number that ranges from
1 to infinity
l is the azimuthal number which ranges from
0 to n-1
l is the number that describes the
Type of subshell
ml is the magnetic # that describes the
Type oforbital
ml is the number that ranges from
l>x>-l
ms is the
Spin number
What orbital is l=0?
s
What orbital is l=1?
p
What orbital is l=2?
d
What orbital is l=3?
f
Aufbau states that
Orbitals start filling from lowest energy
Hunds states that
All degenerates get the same electron before pairing
Pauli states that
No two electrons can have the same numbers
Electrons should be removed from the
Higher numbers first
What elements are exceptions to the element rule?
- Cu
- Cr
- Ag
- Au
- Mo
The number of orbitals in a given shell is declared by the equation
n^2
The max number of electrons in a given shell is declared by the equation
2n^2
The first ionization energy + electronegativity increases by
Going up + going to the right
Electron affinity increases towards
The halogens
What kind of bonds do larger atoms have?
Longer bonds
Bonds get weaker with
Length
What typically happens to metals in reactions?
They lose electrons + become cations
What typically happens to nonmetals in reactions?
They gain electrons + become anions
It is harder to remove an electron when
- Higher Zeff
- Smaller nucleus
What is significant about half-filled shells?
They do not want to lose or gain electrons
What are the half-filled shells?
- N-column
- Be-column
Which group has the lowest ionization energies?
Group 1 metals
Non-metal oxides are
Acidic
Metal oxides are
Basic
Metallic bonds are found in a
Sea of loosely held electrons
Lattice energy is associated with
Ionic compounds
What is Lattice Energy?
The amount of energy needed to break a solid ionic compound
Lattice energy can be affected by
Charge or size
Higher charges have what kind of lattice energy?
Higher
Smaller ions have what kind of lattice energy?
Higher
