Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Intramolecular bonding consists of
Strong chemical bonds that hold atoms together
Intramolecular bonds include
Ionic and covalent bonds
Intermolecular forces are
Weaker forces between molecules
He and H are content with how many electrons?
Two
Lithium is content with how many electrons?
Two
Beryllium is content with how many electrons?
Four
Boron is content with how many electrons?
Six
Ionic compounds consist of
Crystal lattices of positive and negative ions
Ionic compounds have
High mps and bps
In what phases do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
- Liquid
- Aqueous
Covalent bonds can be characterized by
- Bond length
- Bond energy
Bond length is the
Average distance between nuclei
The shortest bonds are the
Triple bonds
The longest bonds are the
Single bonds
Bond energy is the
Energy needed to separate 2 bonded atoms
Bond energy increases as the
Number of shared electron pairs increases
What is the equation for formal charge?
V - (sticks + stones)
For Lewis structures, it is preferred for:
- Negative formal charges to be on electronegative atoms
Polar covalent bonds result due to
Small differences in electronegativity
Nonpolar covalent bonds can be found in
Diatomic molecules
Coordinate bonds form between
Two molecules, like Lewis acids and bases
A Lewis acid is one that
Accepts an electron pair
A Lewis base is one that
Donates an electron pair
How is the VSEPR structure when there are 2 electron pairs?
Linear @ 180º
How is the VSEPR structure when there are 3 electron pairs?
Trigonal Planar @ 120º
How is the VSEPR structure when there are 4 electron pairs?
Tetrahedral @ 109.5º
How is the VSEPR structure when there are 4 electron pairs + 1 lone pair?
Trigonal Pyramidal @ 107º
How is the VSEPR structure when there are 4 electron pairs + 2 lone pairs?
Bent @ 104º
How is the VSEPR structure when there are 5 electron pairs?
Trigonal Bipyrimidal @ 90º, 120º, 180º
How is the VSEPR structure when there are 6 electron pairs?
Octahedral @ 90º and 180º
Tetrahedrals are normally
Nonpolar
Intermolecular forces are
Between molecules
Which forces are collectively known as Van der Waals?
- Dipole-Dipole
- LDFs
The strongest IMFs are
Dipole-ion
HBs are strong but they are weaker than
Dipole-ions
Dipole-dipole forces are found in
Solid and liquid phases
Dispersion forces interact with
Electron clouds of neighboring molecules
Dispersion forces are weaker than
IMFs
Dispersion forces are important in
Short distances
The strength of Dispersion forces depends on
Mobility of atoms
An off number of valence electrons means an atom o=is
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic atoms are ones which are
Weakly drawn to magnetic field
