Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) + Introduction Flashcards
CHARGED ions dissolved in the blood and body fluids
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are classified on how they migrate in?
Electrophoresis
Cation (+) migrates toward the?
Cathode (-)
Anion (-) migrates toward the?
Anode (+)
Electrolytes involved in volume and osmotic regulations
Na++, K+, Cl-
Electrolytes involved in myocardial rhythm and contractility
K, Ca++, Mg++
Electrolytes that serves as enzyme cofactors (activators)
Ca++, Mg++, Zn
Electrolyte that functions in regulation of ATPase-ion pumps
Mg++
A type of ACTIVE transport ; TRANSPORT ELECTROLYTES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL
ATPase-ion pumps
Electrolytes that functions in NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITABILITY
K+, Ca++, Mg++
Electrolytes that function in production and use of ATP from glucose
Mg++, PO4
Electrolytes that functions in ACID-BASE BALANCE MAINTENANCE
HCO3-, K+, Cl-, PO4
Electrolyte that function in DNA replication and mRNA translation
Mg++
Human body is composed of how many % of water?
40-75% = 42 liters
Where are water located?
Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
There are much more water found intracellularly than extracellularly
True
Water in intracellular fluid is how many %
65% = approx. 28L —- 2/3
Water in extracellular fluid is how many %
35% = approx. 14L — 1/3
2 locations of water in the extracellular fluid
Intravascular and interstitial
Plasma is ____% water?
93%
When water in the interstitial fluid is retained for 3L, it would cause?
Edema (manas)
An ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE that PREVENTS URINATION
Vasopressin
No or deficiency in Vasopressin/ADH will result in?
Polyuria
Deficiency in Vasopressin will cause _____ liters of urine excretion everyday
10-20L
Sweat contains electrolytes namely?
Na++ = 50mmol/L and K+ = 5mmol/L
Maintains concentration of electrolytes within cells and in plasma
Ion Transport Mechanism
2 mechanisms of ion transport mechanisms
Active transport and Passive transport (Diffusion)
Transport mechanism that REQUIRES ENERGY to move ion across cellular membranes
ACTIVE transport
Movement of ions across membrane BASED ON SIZE AND CHARGE
Passive transport (Diffusion)
Osmolality is unaffected by
HYPERlipidemia, HYPERproteinemia, ALCOHOL, MANNITOL
An electrolyte that is the MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR of OSMOLALITY accounting of 90% TOTAL osmolality
Na+
Hyperosmolality/hypoosmolality is normalize by the body’s normal hypothalamic function by? (2 mechanism)
Promote thirst
Promote decrease in vasopressin
Blood volume is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to Blood pressure
True
HYPERosmolality due to DECREASED water intake will INCREASE plasma solute that will PROMOTE THIRST AND PRODUCTION OF VASOPRESSIN (to keep water inside the body)
True
HYPOosmolality due to INCREASED water intake will DECREASE plasma solute relative to intravascular water PREVENTING PRODUCTION OF VASOPRESSIN and REMOVAL OF URGE TO DRINK WATER
True
Regulates blood volume ; mainly responds in DECREASED BLOOD VOLUME/HYPOVOLEMIA
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
RAAS system: Low blood pressure and low plasma sodium will promote the secretion of?
Renin
RAAS system: Renin is converted into Angiotensin I by?
Angiotensinogen
RAAS system: Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
Substance that will INCREASE BP AND BLOOD VOLUME by vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption (PCT), aldosterone (Na reabsorption in DCT), ADH/Vasopressin (water resorption in collecting duct)
Angiotensin II
ADH is also known as Vasopressin and Arginine vasopressin
True
Responds to HYPERvolemia as it PROMOTES Na++ SECRETION —> H20 EXCRETION and through PROMOTION OF VASODILATION
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and B-peptide Natriuretic Peptide
Stimulates vasopressin secretion (retains H20) INDEPENDENT of osmolality
Blood volume receptors
GFR: px has hypervolemia and high BP
INCREASED GFR
GFR: px has hypovolemia and low BP
DECREASED GFR
