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Clinical Chemistry 2 > Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) + Introduction > Flashcards

Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) + Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

CHARGED ions dissolved in the blood and body fluids

A

Electrolytes

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2
Q

Electrolytes are classified on how they migrate in?

A

Electrophoresis

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3
Q

Cation (+) migrates toward the?

A

Cathode (-)

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4
Q

Anion (-) migrates toward the?

A

Anode (+)

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5
Q

Electrolytes involved in volume and osmotic regulations

A

Na++, K+, Cl-

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6
Q

Electrolytes involved in myocardial rhythm and contractility

A

K, Ca++, Mg++

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7
Q

Electrolytes that serves as enzyme cofactors (activators)

A

Ca++, Mg++, Zn

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8
Q

Electrolyte that functions in regulation of ATPase-ion pumps

A

Mg++

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9
Q

A type of ACTIVE transport ; TRANSPORT ELECTROLYTES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL

A

ATPase-ion pumps

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10
Q

Electrolytes that functions in NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITABILITY

A

K+, Ca++, Mg++

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11
Q

Electrolytes that function in production and use of ATP from glucose

A

Mg++, PO4

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12
Q

Electrolytes that functions in ACID-BASE BALANCE MAINTENANCE

A

HCO3-, K+, Cl-, PO4

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13
Q

Electrolyte that function in DNA replication and mRNA translation

A

Mg++

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14
Q

Human body is composed of how many % of water?

A

40-75% = 42 liters

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15
Q

Where are water located?

A

Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

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16
Q

There are much more water found intracellularly than extracellularly

A

True

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17
Q

Water in intracellular fluid is how many %

A

65% = approx. 28L —- 2/3

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18
Q

Water in extracellular fluid is how many %

A

35% = approx. 14L — 1/3

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19
Q

2 locations of water in the extracellular fluid

A

Intravascular and interstitial

20
Q

Plasma is ____% water?

A

93%

21
Q

When water in the interstitial fluid is retained for 3L, it would cause?

A

Edema (manas)

22
Q

An ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE that PREVENTS URINATION

A

Vasopressin

23
Q

No or deficiency in Vasopressin/ADH will result in?

A

Polyuria

24
Q

Deficiency in Vasopressin will cause _____ liters of urine excretion everyday

A

10-20L

25
Q

Sweat contains electrolytes namely?

A

Na++ = 50mmol/L and K+ = 5mmol/L

26
Q

Maintains concentration of electrolytes within cells and in plasma

A

Ion Transport Mechanism

27
Q

2 mechanisms of ion transport mechanisms

A

Active transport and Passive transport (Diffusion)

28
Q

Transport mechanism that REQUIRES ENERGY to move ion across cellular membranes

A

ACTIVE transport

29
Q

Movement of ions across membrane BASED ON SIZE AND CHARGE

A

Passive transport (Diffusion)

30
Q

Osmolality is unaffected by

A

HYPERlipidemia, HYPERproteinemia, ALCOHOL, MANNITOL

31
Q

An electrolyte that is the MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR of OSMOLALITY accounting of 90% TOTAL osmolality

A

Na+

32
Q

Hyperosmolality/hypoosmolality is normalize by the body’s normal hypothalamic function by? (2 mechanism)

A

Promote thirst
Promote decrease in vasopressin

33
Q

Blood volume is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to Blood pressure

A

True

34
Q

HYPERosmolality due to DECREASED water intake will INCREASE plasma solute that will PROMOTE THIRST AND PRODUCTION OF VASOPRESSIN (to keep water inside the body)

A

True

35
Q

HYPOosmolality due to INCREASED water intake will DECREASE plasma solute relative to intravascular water PREVENTING PRODUCTION OF VASOPRESSIN and REMOVAL OF URGE TO DRINK WATER

A

True

36
Q

Regulates blood volume ; mainly responds in DECREASED BLOOD VOLUME/HYPOVOLEMIA

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

37
Q

RAAS system: Low blood pressure and low plasma sodium will promote the secretion of?

A

Renin

38
Q

RAAS system: Renin is converted into Angiotensin I by?

A

Angiotensinogen

39
Q

RAAS system: Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

40
Q

Substance that will INCREASE BP AND BLOOD VOLUME by vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption (PCT), aldosterone (Na reabsorption in DCT), ADH/Vasopressin (water resorption in collecting duct)

A

Angiotensin II

41
Q

ADH is also known as Vasopressin and Arginine vasopressin

A

True

42
Q

Responds to HYPERvolemia as it PROMOTES Na++ SECRETION —> H20 EXCRETION and through PROMOTION OF VASODILATION

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and B-peptide Natriuretic Peptide

43
Q

Stimulates vasopressin secretion (retains H20) INDEPENDENT of osmolality

A

Blood volume receptors

44
Q

GFR: px has hypervolemia and high BP

A

INCREASED GFR

45
Q

GFR: px has hypovolemia and low BP

A

DECREASED GFR

Clinical Chemistry 2 (3 decks)

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