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Clinical Chemistry 2 > Blood Gases and Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Blood Gases and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

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1
Q

substances that donates H+ when dissolved in H2O

A

acid

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2
Q

substances that accepts H+ when dissolved in H2O

A

base

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3
Q

the negative logarithm (-log) of H+ concentration

A

pH

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4
Q

a system that RESIST CHANGES IN pH upon addition of acids and bases

A

buffer

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5
Q

buffer contains?

A

weak acid (H2CO3) and salt of conjugate base (HCO3-)

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6
Q

H + OH = H2O is what theory?

A

Bronsted-Lowry theory

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7
Q

hydrogen ion concentration

A

36-44 nmol/L

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8
Q

the strength of H+ present a substance

A

pH

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9
Q

what should be the blood pH considered as alkalemia

A

> 7.45

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10
Q

what should be the blood pH considered as acidemia

A

<7.35

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11
Q

what is the normal blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

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12
Q

in chemistry, blood pH is slightly alkaline but physiologically, a blood pH of 7.35-7.45 is considered neutral

A

true

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13
Q

human body naturally produce H+ ion approximately ______.

A

150g H+/day

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14
Q

34-44 nmol/L of H+ conc. is equivalent to normal blood pH

A

true

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15
Q

process that causes acidemia

A

acidosis

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16
Q

process that causes alkalemia

A

alkalosis

17
Q

what are the control centers of acid-base balance

A

buffer, lungs, and kidneys

18
Q

controls CO2

A

lungs

19
Q

controls HCO3-

A

kidneys

20
Q

acidic component of blood

A

CO2

21
Q

alkaline component of blood

A

HCO3-

22
Q

acid or basic: high conc. of CO2

A

acidic

23
Q

acid or basic: low conc. of CO2

A

basic

24
Q

acid or basic: high conc. of HCO3-

A

basic

25
Q

acid or basic: low conc. of HCO3-

A

acidic

26
Q

at blood pH of 7.40, the HCO3- to H2CO3 ratio is?

A

20:1

27
Q

most important blood buffer system

A

bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

28
Q

utilized HCO3- (conjugate base) and H2CO3 (conjugate acid) to minimize pH changes

A

bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

29
Q

uses PLASMA PROTEINS to minimize pH changes

A

protein buffer system

30
Q

primary buffer in urine

A

phosphate buffer system

31
Q

utilizes HPO4- and H2PO4

A

phosphate buffer system

32
Q

plays a role in buffering CO2 during transport to the lungs

A

hemoglobin buffer system

33
Q

enumerate the 4 buffer systems

A

(1) bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
(2) protein buffer system
(3) phosphate buffer system
(4) hemoglobin buffer system

Clinical Chemistry 2 (3 decks)

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