Electrolytes

Question 0

Hypokalemia causes

Answer 0

GI losses, kidney losses, sweating, wound losses, prolonged nonelectrolyte fluids (dextrose5 in water), metabolic alkalosis, tissue repairing times (burns trauma)

Question 1

Hypokalemia s/s

Answer 1

Weak pulse, low Bp, resp distress, neuromuscular weakness, PVC’s, low HR, GI upset, polyuria

Question 2

Hyperkalemia causes

Answer 2

Increases K+ intake/salt substitutes, acidosis, DKA, trauma, hypertonic states, decreased excretion (dehydration, renal failure, k sparing diuretics, ace inhibitors, NSAIDs

Question 3

Hyperkalemia s/s

Answer 3

Slow irregular pulse, low Bp, PVCs, peaked t waves, GI upset, oliguria

Question 4

S/s of hypocalcemia

Answer 4

Muscle spasms, tetany, cramps, positive chvotek and trousseau sign

Question 5

S/s of hypercalcemia

Answer 5

Lethargy, muscle weakness, weakness, confusion, bone pain, weight loss, shortened QT interval, kidney stones, decreased deep tendon reflexes