Electrolytes Flashcards
ICF
-prevalent cation?
-prevalent anion?
ECF
-prevalent cation?
-prevalent anion?
ICF:
K+
PO4 3-
ECF:
Na+
Cl-
List the major systems that are effected by the following imbalances:
Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+
Na+: neuro
K+: cardiac
Ca2+: neuromuscular
Mg2+: relaxation
Hypokalemia
-causes?
-ECG?
-med to monitor?
GI loss, decreased intake, non-K+ sparing diuretics- LASIX
Flat/inverted T wave
Monitor digoxin levels
Which electrolyte imbalance causes acidosis?
Hypokalemia
Which K+ imbalance causes a wide, flat P wave and a wide QRS complex?
Moderate hyperkalemia
Which K+ imbalance causes a nonexistent P wave and a very wide QRS complex?
Severe hyperkalemia
When would dialysis be required for K+ imbalances?
Severe hyperkalemia
Calcium Gluconate
-indication?
-MOA?
-effect?
-considerations?
Give first for hyperkalemia
Stabilizes myocardium
Lowers the risk of arrythmias
Monitor hyperkalemia
Sodium Polystyrene
-indication?
-MOA?
-Effect?
-Considerations?
Temporary fix for hyperkalemia, pre-dialysis
Binds to K+ in GI
Causes extreme diarrhea
Contraindication: ileus/impaired bowel function
Sodium bicarbonate
-effect (regarding hyperkalemia)
Temporarily shifts K+
Zirconium Cyclosilicate
-MOA?
-Route?
-Effect?
Lowers K+
PO
Doesn’t hit GI as hard
IV K+ admin is ALWAYS ____, infused ____ with an ________
PIV max rate:
CVL max rate:
always monitor: ______
Assess for signs of ______
If it burns, ask for an order of ____ to be added
____ toxicity possible w/ hypokalemia
Always diluted, infused slowly with an infusion pump
PIV max: 10 mEq/hr
CVL max: 20 mEq/hr
Monitor urine output and phlebitis signs
Lidocaine
Digoxin toxicity w/ hypokalemia
What is the appropriate range for K+ levels?
What is the appropriate range for sodium levels?
K+: 3.5-5
Na+: 135-145
Which form of calcium is biologically active?
Which hormones affect calcium balance?
Ionized calcium
PTH: raises calcium
Calcitonin: lowers calcium
When is hypocalcemia particularly life-threatening?
Laryngeal stridor- airway risk
How can you decrease the risk of kidney stones with hypercalcemia?
Drink tons of water
How does low magnesium affect ECG findings?
Torsades de points
-bad
-push magnesium
When does high magnesium become a respiratory risk?
Muscle relaxation- respiratory muscles
Phosphate has a reciprocal relationship with ____
Calcium
