Acid-Base Balance + ABG

Question 1

List 3 regulatory mechanisms that keep pH controlled

Answer 1

Buffers
Respiratory system- CO2
Renal system- HCO3

Question 2

List the normal ranges:
pH
paCO2
HCO3
PaO2
BE
saO2

Answer 2

pH: 7.35-7.45
paCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
PaO2: 80-100
BE: -2 to +2
saO2: >95%

Question 3

What are the renal system’s 3 mechanisms for acid elimination?

Answer 3

Secretion of free hydrogen
Combine H+ w/ ammonia (NH3)
Excrete weak acids

Question 4

____ is the oxygen that is bound to the hemoglobin

____ is the unbound oxygen in bloodstream

spO2 is the oxygen sat reading from a pulse oximeter

Answer 4

saO2

paO2

spO2

Question 5

diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, alcohol, and salicylates can cause _______

Answer 5

Metabolic acidosis

Question 6

prolonged vomiting, K+ loss, or prolonged NG suctioning can cause ______

Answer 6

metabolic alkalosis

Question 7

Severe asthma, pneumonia, and hypoventilation can cause ______

Answer 7

Respiratory acidosis

Question 8

Hyperventilation, panic attacks, or aspirin poisoning can cause_____

Answer 8

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 9

Respiratory acidosis involves ___ pH and ___ paCO2

Answer 9

Low pH
High paCO2

Question 10

Respiratory alkalosis involves ___ pH and ___ paCO2

Answer 10

High pH
Low paCO2

Question 11

Metabolic acidosis involves ___ pH and ___ bicarbonate

Answer 11

Low pH
Low bicarbonate

Question 12

Metabolic alkalosis involves ___ pH and ___ bicarbonate

Answer 12

High pH
High bicarbonate