Electrolytes Flashcards
What are the components of a BMP
Where are sodium and potassium in the cells
- sodium: extracellular
- potassium: intracellular
Define osmotic activity
property of fluids based on solute particles that determines movement of water between compartments
Define osmotic pressure
force that drives movement of fluid of water between different osmotic activity (low to high osmotic pressure movement)
Define how fluid moves in hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic conditions
What is the primary hormone that regulates the amount of water in our body
ADH
What is the MC electrolyte abnormality among hospitalized patients
hyponatremia (WATER issue, not salt issue)
What things can cause hypovolemia with hyponatremia
What things can cause euvolemia with hyponatremia
What things can cause hypervolemia and hyponatremia
What can cause pseudohyponatremia (falsely low Na)
hyperglycemia - use a corrected calculation (MD Calc)
(some meds can also cause this)
Describe the presentation of hyponatremia
Describe the workup for hyponatremia
what is serum osmolality determined by
the different solutes in the plasma (measured or calculated using BMP values)
What PE findings can help determine volume status
- BP
- pulse
- skin turgor
- JVD
- edema
What does urine osmolality measure
amount of solutes in the urine
- high urine concentration = high urine osmolality (SIADH) with HIGH ADH SECRETION
- low urine concentration = low urine osmolality (dilute) with LOW ADH SECRETION
What does urine sodium help determine in hyponatremia
cause of hyponatremia
Low urine sodium indicates…
extrarenal sodium loss
High urine sodium indicates…
- renal loss (diuretics)
- SIADH & endocrine causes
Describe the treatment for hyponatremia
What can happen if you increase Na too quickly
osmotic demyelination syndrome
Describe the etiology of hypernatremia
Describe the presentation of hypernatremia
Describe the treatment for hypernatremia
