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GU > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of a BMP

A
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2
Q

Where are sodium and potassium in the cells

A
  • sodium: extracellular
  • potassium: intracellular
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3
Q

Define osmotic activity

A

property of fluids based on solute particles that determines movement of water between compartments

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4
Q

Define osmotic pressure

A

force that drives movement of fluid of water between different osmotic activity (low to high osmotic pressure movement)

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5
Q

Define how fluid moves in hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic conditions

A
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6
Q

What is the primary hormone that regulates the amount of water in our body

A

ADH

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7
Q

What is the MC electrolyte abnormality among hospitalized patients

A

hyponatremia (WATER issue, not salt issue)

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8
Q

What things can cause hypovolemia with hyponatremia

A
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9
Q

What things can cause euvolemia with hyponatremia

A
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10
Q

What things can cause hypervolemia and hyponatremia

A
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11
Q

What can cause pseudohyponatremia (falsely low Na)

A

hyperglycemia - use a corrected calculation (MD Calc)

(some meds can also cause this)

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12
Q

Describe the presentation of hyponatremia

A
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13
Q

Describe the workup for hyponatremia

A
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14
Q

what is serum osmolality determined by

A

the different solutes in the plasma (measured or calculated using BMP values)

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15
Q

What PE findings can help determine volume status

A
  • BP
  • pulse
  • skin turgor
  • JVD
  • edema
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16
Q

What does urine osmolality measure

A

amount of solutes in the urine

  • high urine concentration = high urine osmolality (SIADH) with HIGH ADH SECRETION
  • low urine concentration = low urine osmolality (dilute) with LOW ADH SECRETION
17
Q

What does urine sodium help determine in hyponatremia

A

cause of hyponatremia

18
Q

Low urine sodium indicates…

A

extrarenal sodium loss

19
Q

High urine sodium indicates…

A
  • renal loss (diuretics)
  • SIADH & endocrine causes
20
Q

Describe the treatment for hyponatremia

21
Q

What can happen if you increase Na too quickly

A

osmotic demyelination syndrome

22
Q

Describe the etiology of hypernatremia

23
Q

Describe the presentation of hypernatremia

24
Q

Describe the treatment for hypernatremia

25
Q

Describe the etiology of hypokalemia

26
Q

Describe the presentation of hypokalemia

27
Q

Describe the diagnosis of hypokalemia

28
Q

Describe the treatment for hypokalemia

29
Q

Describe the etiology of hyperkalemia

30
Q

Describe the presentation of hyperkalemia

31
Q

Describe the diagnosis of hyperkalemia

32
Q

Describe the treatment of hyperkalemia

GU (13 decks)

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