electrolytes Flashcards
Hypokalemia is associated with which ABG condition?
metabolic alkalosis.
metabolic alkalosis has which electrolyte imbalance involved?
hypokalemia
the most notable symptoms of hypokalemia in metabolic alkalosis are what?
nausea and vomiting, arrythmias, anorexia, muscle weakness.
The symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?
muscle weakness, lightheadedness, confusion, n/v, arrythmias, hypotension, anorexia, polyuria, muscle twitching.
What is the hypokalemia mnemonic?
A SIC WALT
Alkalosis
shallow respirations
irritability
Confusion, drowsiness.
weakness, fatigue, decreased DTRs.
Arrythmias, tachy rhythm, bradycardia.
Lethargy
Thready pulse
Decreased intestinal motility, n/v, ileus.
What is the danger symptom of hypokalemia?
shallow respirations.
what can cause hypokalemia (was asked in the sherpath)
NG suctioning
What can cause hyperkalemia?
renal failure, metabolic acidosis, spironolactone.
What is the major ABG condition associated with hyperkalemia?
metabolic acidosis
takeaway symptoms found in metabolic acidosis because of hyperkalemia?
abdominal pain, diarrhea, n/v
What is the mnemonic for hyperkalemia?
MURDER
muscle weakness
urine, oliguria and anuria.
respiratory distress
decreased cardiac contractility
EKG changes
Reflexes (hypo or hyper)
+ GI hyperactivity
what is the point of focus to understanding hyperkalemia’s symptoms?
all the muscles are tight and contracted causing decreased cardiac contractility and respiratory distress but the muscles are considered weak and the DTRs are high.
muscles are ______ but the DTRs are _____
in hyperkalemia.
weak, increased.
Hyponatremia mnemonic
SALT LOSS
stupor/coma
anorexia (not arrhythmias)
Lethargy
Tendon reflexes decreased.
Limp muscles
Orthostatic hypotension
Seizures/HA (cerebral edema)
stomach cramping.
Just for good measure…what are the symptoms for SALT LOSS?
stupor/coma
anorexia
lethargy
tendon reflexes decreased
limp muscles
orthostatic hypotension
seizures/HA
stomach cramping.
While hyponatremia has __________DTRs, hypernatremia has __________ DTRs (called frantic muscles)
decreased, increased
NG suctioning can cause which two imbalances?
hyponatremia and hypokalemia
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by?
D_____
C_____ A____
M______
H_____T______
I_______
which all cause an overproduction of what?
R______ I_____ and excessive ______ are also additional causes.
diabetes mellitus, chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, infection,
An overproduction of ketones.
renal insufficiency and excessive diarrhea.
list those MA causes again?
diabetes mellitus, chronic alcoholism, infection, malnutrition, hyperthyroidism.
An over production of ketones.
renal insufficiency and excessive diarrhea are also causes.
What are the symptoms for metabolic acidosis?
stomach cramping, n/v, diarrhea, hypotension, tachycardia, Kussmaul respirations, LOC loss, decreased DTRs, headache.
Interventions for metabolic acidosis include?
respiratory support.
giving insulin for DKA.
correcting the hyperkalemia.
giving sodium bicarbonate for dangerously low PH.
Dialysis if need be.
Treatment for metabolic alkalosis?
d/c the diuretics and NG tube.
give antiemetics.
give acetazolamide (Calcium will be retained while the bicarbonate is exchanged instead)
burns will cause _____magnesemia
hypomagnesemia
DKA will cause _____magnesemia
hypermagnesemia
give loop diuretics to which electrolyte imbalance?
hypermagnesemia
give calcium gluconate as an intervention for which electrolyte imbalance?
how?
hypermagnesemia
It blocks the toxic effect of magnesium.
You should use a cardiac monitor for which electrolyte imbalance?
hypercalcemia
Reduce environmental stimuli for which electrolyte imbalance?
hypocalcemia
Which three imbalances famously cause seizures (with the exception of the one to do with severe fluid loss, increasing susceptibility to seizures)
hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia.
