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Acute > electrolytes > Flashcards

electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Hypokalemia is associated with which ABG condition?

A

metabolic alkalosis.

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2
Q

metabolic alkalosis has which electrolyte imbalance involved?

A

hypokalemia

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3
Q

the most notable symptoms of hypokalemia in metabolic alkalosis are what?

A

nausea and vomiting, arrythmias, anorexia, muscle weakness.

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4
Q

The symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?

A

muscle weakness, lightheadedness, confusion, n/v, arrythmias, hypotension, anorexia, polyuria, muscle twitching.

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5
Q

What is the hypokalemia mnemonic?

A

A SIC WALT
Alkalosis
shallow respirations
irritability
Confusion, drowsiness.
weakness, fatigue, decreased DTRs.
Arrythmias, tachy rhythm, bradycardia.
Lethargy
Thready pulse
Decreased intestinal motility, n/v, ileus.

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6
Q

What is the danger symptom of hypokalemia?

A

shallow respirations.

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7
Q

what can cause hypokalemia (was asked in the sherpath)

A

NG suctioning

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8
Q

What can cause hyperkalemia?

A

renal failure, metabolic acidosis, spironolactone.

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9
Q

What is the major ABG condition associated with hyperkalemia?

A

metabolic acidosis

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10
Q

takeaway symptoms found in metabolic acidosis because of hyperkalemia?

A

abdominal pain, diarrhea, n/v

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11
Q

What is the mnemonic for hyperkalemia?

A

MURDER
muscle weakness
urine, oliguria and anuria.
respiratory distress
decreased cardiac contractility
EKG changes
Reflexes (hypo or hyper)
+ GI hyperactivity

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12
Q

what is the point of focus to understanding hyperkalemia’s symptoms?

A

all the muscles are tight and contracted causing decreased cardiac contractility and respiratory distress but the muscles are considered weak and the DTRs are high.

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13
Q

muscles are ______ but the DTRs are _____
in hyperkalemia.

A

weak, increased.

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14
Q

Hyponatremia mnemonic

A

SALT LOSS
stupor/coma
anorexia (not arrhythmias)
Lethargy
Tendon reflexes decreased.
Limp muscles
Orthostatic hypotension
Seizures/HA (cerebral edema)
stomach cramping.

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15
Q

Just for good measure…what are the symptoms for SALT LOSS?

A

stupor/coma
anorexia
lethargy
tendon reflexes decreased
limp muscles
orthostatic hypotension
seizures/HA
stomach cramping.

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16
Q

While hyponatremia has __________DTRs, hypernatremia has __________ DTRs (called frantic muscles)

A

decreased, increased

17
Q

NG suctioning can cause which two imbalances?

A

hyponatremia and hypokalemia

18
Q

Metabolic acidosis can be caused by?
D_____
C_____ A____
M______
H_____T______
I_______
which all cause an overproduction of what?
R______ I_____ and excessive ______ are also additional causes.

A

diabetes mellitus, chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, infection,
An overproduction of ketones.
renal insufficiency and excessive diarrhea.

19
Q

list those MA causes again?

A

diabetes mellitus, chronic alcoholism, infection, malnutrition, hyperthyroidism.
An over production of ketones.
renal insufficiency and excessive diarrhea are also causes.

20
Q

What are the symptoms for metabolic acidosis?

A

stomach cramping, n/v, diarrhea, hypotension, tachycardia, Kussmaul respirations, LOC loss, decreased DTRs, headache.

21
Q

Interventions for metabolic acidosis include?

A

respiratory support.
giving insulin for DKA.
correcting the hyperkalemia.
giving sodium bicarbonate for dangerously low PH.
Dialysis if need be.

22
Q

Treatment for metabolic alkalosis?

A

d/c the diuretics and NG tube.
give antiemetics.
give acetazolamide (Calcium will be retained while the bicarbonate is exchanged instead)

23
Q

burns will cause _____magnesemia

A

hypomagnesemia

24
Q

DKA will cause _____magnesemia

A

hypermagnesemia

25
Q

give loop diuretics to which electrolyte imbalance?

A

hypermagnesemia

26
Q

give calcium gluconate as an intervention for which electrolyte imbalance?
how?

A

hypermagnesemia
It blocks the toxic effect of magnesium.

27
Q

You should use a cardiac monitor for which electrolyte imbalance?

A

hypercalcemia

28
Q

Reduce environmental stimuli for which electrolyte imbalance?

A

hypocalcemia

29
Q

Which three imbalances famously cause seizures (with the exception of the one to do with severe fluid loss, increasing susceptibility to seizures)

A

hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia.

Acute (2 decks)

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