ELECTROLYTES

Question 1

FLUID DISTRIBUTION

Answer 1

2/3 intracellular
1/3 extracellular

Question 2

Major Intracellular Electrolytes

Answer 2

Potassium (K+)
Magnesium (Mg2+)

Question 3

Major Extracellular Electrolytes

Answer 3

Sodium (Na+)
Chloride (Cl-)

Question 4

ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE CAUSES

Answer 4

N/V
Dehydration
Bleeding
Liver Problems
Kidney Problems
Endocrine Issues
Vascular Issues
Surgery
Trauma
Burn

Question 5

ELECTROLYTE NUMBERS

Answer 5

Mg 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Phos 2.5-4.5
K 3.5-5.5
Ca 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Cl 95-105
Na 135-145

Question 6

MAGNESIUM

Answer 6

1.5-2.5 MEQ/L

Question 7

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 7

Muscles too excited
Neuromuscular Irritability
Tremors
Increased DTRs
Tachycardia
Confusion
Seizures

Question 8

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 8

Muscle Weakness
Vasodilation, hypotension
Decreased DTRs
Respiratory Arrest
Cardiac Arrest

Question 9

CALCIUM

Answer 9

8.5-10.5 MG/DL

Question 10

Hypocalcemia

Answer 10

Excess Muscle Contraction
Increased Muscle Contraction
Tetany: Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs
V/D
Convulsions

Question 11

Hypercalcemia

Answer 11

Decreased Muscle Contraction
Constipation
Decreased DTRs
Lethargy
Bone Pain
Dysrhythmias
Cardiac Arrest

Question 12

POTASSIUM

Answer 12

3.5-5.5 MEQ/L

Question 13

Hypokalemia

Answer 13

Muscle Weaknes/spasms in leg
Cramps
Numbness and Tingling
Fatigue
Lightheadedness
Heart Palp
Bradycardia
Cardiac Arrest, Flattened T Waves

Question 14

Hyperkalemia

Answer 14

Muscle Twitching
Cramps (Early), Weakness due to fatigue (late)
Dysrhythmias
Peaked T Waves

Question 15

SODIUM

Answer 15

135-145 MEQ/L

Question 16

Hyponatremia

Answer 16

Neurologic
Headaches
Confusion
Seizures
Coma
N/V
Muscle Weakness
Fatigue
Restlessness/Irritability

Question 17

Hypernatremia

Answer 17

Thirst
Dry Mucous Membranes
Edema
Agitation
Restlessness
Confusion
Diminished Cardia Output
Seizures/Coma