Electrolytes Flashcards
Foods that increase Na
bacon, butter, canned food, cheese, milk, condiments, salt, bread
Important notes for Na
low Na = low H2O (dry mucous membranes)
Foods that increase K
avocado, banana, carrots, fish, oranges, potatoes, pork/beef, spinach, tomato
K ECG changes
low = ST dep., shallow/flat/inverted T wave, U wave
high = tall peaked T wave, flat P wave, wide QRS
Important notes for K
K never pushed, never given greater than 10mEq/hr peripheral and never greater than 40mEq/hr central, always use pump
Foods that increase Ca
cheese, milk, spinach, yogurt, tofu, sardines, greens
Ca ECG changes
low = prolonged ST + QT
high = shortened ST, wide T wave
Important notes for Ca
low Ca = positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s
Foods that increase Mg
avocado, leafy greens, milk, wheat, peanut butter, pork/beef/chicken, potatoes, yogurt
Mg ECH changes
low = tall T wave, depressed ST
high = prolonged ST, wide QRS
Important notes for Mg
antidote for Mg toxicity = calcium gluconate
Foods that increase P
fish, pumpkin, nuts, pork/beef/chicken, whole grain, dairy
Important notes for P
decrease in P leads to increase in Ca
Electrolyte relationships
Na/K = inverse
Ca/P = inverse
Ca/vit D = similar
Mg/Ca = similar
Mg/K = similar
Mg/P = inverse
