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1 APEX > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What causes hyponatremia with decreased total body sodium content?

A

diuretics, salt wasting disease, hypoaldosteronism

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2
Q

What causes hyponatremia with normal total body sodium?

A

SIADH, hypothyroid, water intoxication, perioperative stress

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3
Q

What causes hyponatremia with increase total body sodium?

A

CHF and cirrhosis

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4
Q

What causes hypernatremia with decreased total body sodium?

A

osmotic diuresis, N/V, adrenal insufficiency

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5
Q

What causes hypernatremia with normal total body sodium?

A

DI, renal failure, diuretics

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6
Q

What causes hypernatremia with increased total body sodium?

A

hyperaldosteronism, 3% saline

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7
Q

What are symptoms of sodium levels 130-135?

A

none

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8
Q

What are symptoms of sodium levels 125-129?

A

N/V, malaise

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9
Q

What are symptoms of sodium levels 115-124?

A

headache, lethargy, altered LOC

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10
Q

What are symptoms of sodium levels <115?

A

seizures, coma, cerebral edema, respiratory arrest

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11
Q

What are symptoms of hypernatremia with osmolarity 350-375?

A

headache, agitation, confusion

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12
Q

What are symptoms of hypernatremia with osmolarity 376-400?

A

weakness, tremors, ataxia

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13
Q

What are symptoms of hypernatremia with osmolarity 401-430?

A

hyperreflexia, muscle twitching

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14
Q

What are symptoms of hypernatremia with osmolarity >431?

A

seizures, coma, death

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15
Q

What hormone raises serum calcium levels?

A

Parathyroid

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16
Q

What hormone decreases serum calcium concentration?

A

calcitonin

17
Q

What are causes of hypocalcemia?

A

hypoparathyroidism, vit. D deficiency, renal osteodystrophy, pancreatitis, sepsis

18
Q

What are symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A

muscle cramps, paresthesia, tetany, laryngospasm, seizures, chvosteks, trousseau

19
Q

What are causes of Hypercalcemia?

A

hyperparathyroidism, cancer, thyrotoxicosis, thiazide diuretics, immobilization

20
Q

What are symptoms of Hypercalcemia?

A

nausea, abdominal pain, HTN, psychosis, seizures

21
Q

What are causes of hypomagnesium?

A

poor intake, alcohol abuse, diuretics, illness, hypokalemia

22
Q

What are symptoms of magnesium levels < 1.2mg / <1 mEq / < 0.5mmol?

A

tetany, seizures, dysrhythmias

23
Q

What are symptoms of magnesium levels 1.2-1.8mg / 1-1.5 mEq / 0.5-0.75 mmol?

A

neuromuscular irritability, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia

24
Q

What are symptoms of magnesium levels 5-7mg / 4.2-5.8 mEq / 2-3 mmol?

A

decreased deep tendon reflexes, lethargy, flushing, N/V

25
Q

What are symptoms of magnesium levels 7-12mg / 5.8-10 mEq / 3-5 mmol?

A

loss of deep tendon reflexes, HoTN, EKG changes, somnolence

26
Q

What are symptoms of magnesium levels >12mg / >10 mEq / >5 mmol?

A

respiratory depression, apnea, CHB, cardiac arrest, coma, paralysis

1 APEX (9 decks)

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