Electrolyte output

Question 1

How does electrolyte loss occur?

Answer 1

mainly through the urine, but also through sweating and in the faeces

Question 2

What do the kidneys regulate?

Answer 2

electrolyte output by modifying excretion of various ions in the urine; this maintains the homeostatic concentrations of the ions

Question 3

What are Concentrations of sodium, potassium, and calcium are important for?

Answer 3

nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and cell membrane potentials

Question 4

what does sodium ions make up 90% of?

Answer 4

positively charged ions in the extracellular fluids; kidney function and the action of aldosterone regulate sodium reabsorption

Question 5

What does aldosterone regulate?

Answer 5

concentration of potassium ions; potassium ions are excreted when sodium ions are conserved

Question 6

What does high potassium concentration stimulate?

Answer 6

secretion of aldosterone

Question 7

What happens when calcium concentration decreases in the body fluids,

Answer 7

parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted

Question 8

What does PTH increases the concentrations of?

Answer 8

calcium in extracellular fluids

Question 9

How are Chloride ions (Cl−) are passively reabsorbed along with the active transport of sodium (Na+) ions?

Answer 9

, due to charge attraction

Question 10

What does The regulatory mechanisms that control positively charged ions secondarily control?

Answer 10

control the concentrations of negatively charged ions in many cases