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1 Rotations > Electrolyte Disorders > Flashcards

Electrolyte Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Lab value defining hypercalcemia

A

> 10.5

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2
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia (2)

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Malignancy

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3
Q

Sxs of hypercalcemia (6)

A 
"Stones, bones, groans, psych overtones"
HTN
Constipation
Decreased DTRs/ hyporeflexia
Polyuria/ polydipsia
Lethary
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4
Q

EKG findings of hypercalcemia

A

Shortened QT

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5
Q

Associated electrolyte disorders with hypercalcemia

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypophosphatemia

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6
Q

Treatment for hypercalcemia

A

Mild: none

Severe/ sxs: IV saline, furosemide

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7
Q

What should you NOT use in the treatment of hypercalcemia

A

HCTZ

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8
Q

Lab value defining hypermagnesemia

A

> 2.6

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9
Q

Causes of hypermagnesemia

A

RARE
Renal insufficiency
Rhabdo
Increased Mg intake

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10
Q

Sxs of hypermagnesemia

A

Muscle weakness

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11
Q

EKG findings of hypermagnesemia

A

Prolonged QT, PR, wide QRS

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12
Q

Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypermagnesemia

A

Hypocalcemia

adverse effect of increased Mg due to temporary suppression of PTH secretion

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13
Q

Treatment for hypermagnesemia

A

IV NS
Loop diuretics
IV calcium gluconate to reverse Mg toxicity

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14
Q

Lab value defining hyperkalemia

A

> 5.5

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15
Q

Sxs of hyperkalemia

A

Muscle fatigue

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16
Q

EKG findings of hyperkalemia

A

Peaked T waves

Prolonged QRS

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17
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia

A

Insulin
Sodium bicarb + glucose
Calcium gluconate (typically only used if > 6.5)

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18
Q

Lab value defining hypernatremia

A

> 145

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19
Q

Causes of hypernatremia

A

Body loss (diarrhea, sweat, diuretics)
Hyperglycemia
Burns
DI

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20
Q

Sxs of hypernatremia

A 
Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
Flat neck veins
Hypotension
CNS dysfunction (confusion, lethargy, coma, muscle weakness)
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21
Q

Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypernatremia

A

Hyperglycemia

High BUN/ creatinine

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22
Q

Treatment for hypernatremia

A

Hypotonic fluids

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23
Q

Lab value defining hyperphosphatemia

A

> 4.5

24
Q

Causes of hyperphosphatemia

A

Renal failure >
Hypoparathyroidism
Vit D intoxication

25
Q

Sxs of hyperphosphatemia

A

(due to hypocalcemia)

Muscle cramps, tetany, perioral numbness/ tingling

26
Q

Associated electrolyte imbalances with hyperphosphatemia

A

Hypocalcemia

Hypoparathyroidism

27
Q

Treatment for hyperphosphatemia

A

Acute: NS +/- hemodialysis
Chronic: low phosphate diet + aluminum based phosphate binders

28
Q

Lab value defining hypocalcemia

A

< 8.4

29
Q

Causes of hypocalcemia

A

Hypoparathyroidism
Hypomagnesemia
Renal disease (if high PTH)

30
Q

Sxs of hypocalcemia

A

Chovstek (touching cheek)
Trousseu (BP cuff)
Cramps, spasms, tetany
Increased DTRs

31
Q

EKG findings of hypocalcemia

A

Prolonged QT

32
Q

Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypocalcemia

A

Hypoparathyroidism

Hyperphosphatemia

33
Q

Treatment for hypocalcemia

A

Mild: PO Ca + vit D

Severe/ sxs: IV calcium gluconate/ carbonate

34
Q

Lab value defining hypomagnesemia

A

< 1.8

35
Q

Causes of hypomagnesemia

A

GI losses in malabsorption

RFs: alcoholics, diuretics, PPIs

36
Q

Sxs of hypomagnesemia

A

Muscle weakness
Hyperreflexia
NM/ CNS hyperirritability

37
Q

EKG findings of hypomagnesemia

A

Prolonged QT
Torsades de pointes
V-tach
Flat T waves

38
Q

Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypomagnesemia

A

Hypocalcemia

Hypokalemia

39
Q

Treatment for hypomagnesemia

A 
IV magnesium sulfate
Oral magnesium (chronic)
40
Q

Lab value defining hypokalemia

A

< 3.5

41
Q

What is the most common electrolyte mediated ileus

A

hypokalemia

42
Q

Sxs of hypokalemia

A

Muscle cramps/ weakness
Hyporeflexia/ decreased DTRs
Constipation

43
Q

EKG findings of hypokalemia

A

Broad, flat/ inverted T waves

U waves

44
Q

Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypokalemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

45
Q

Treatment for hypokalemia

A

Potassium repletion

46
Q

What type of liquids should NOT be given for hypokalemia

A

Dextrose

47
Q

Lab value defining hyponatremia

A

< 135

48
Q

Causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

CHF, nephrotic, RF, cirrhosis

49
Q

Causes of euvolemic hyponatremia

A

SIADH, steroids, hypothyroid

50
Q

Causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia

A

Sodium loss, diuretics

51
Q

Sxs of hyponatremia

A

CNS dysfunction (cerebral edema)- HAs, AMS, seizures
Decreased DTRs
Muscle cramps
N/V

52
Q

Treatment for hyponatremia

A

Free water restriction, IV NS
Hypervolemic = hypertonic saline
Correct slowly

53
Q

Lab value defining hypophosphatemia

A

< 3.4

54
Q

Causes of hypophosphatemia

A

Chronic alcohol abuse
Diuretics
Vit D deficiency
Hyperglycemia

55
Q

Sxs of hypophosphatemia

A

Mild asx

Sxs affecting: nervous, MSK, cardiac (low ATP)

56
Q

Treatment for hypophosphatemia

A

Mild: PO phosphate
Severe/ sxs: IV phosphate
Hemodialysis if renal failure

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