Electrolysis + Energetics & Acids/Alkalis

Question 1

What’s Electrolysis?

Answer 1

Splitting up substances (made up of ions) using electricity.

Question 2

How does electrolysis work? (Simple)

Answer 2

An electric current is used to separate ions in a substance.

Question 3

What’s the name for the substance that’s being broken down?

Answer 3

Electrolyte

Question 4

What’s an electrode?

Answer 4

Conductor of electricity that carries current into electrolyte splitting it.

Question 5

What’s the Anode?

Answer 5

Positive charged Electrode

Question 6

What’s the cathode?

Answer 6

Negatively Charged Electrode

Question 7

What’s the cation?

Answer 7

Positive charged ion

Question 8

What’s the anion?

Answer 8

Negatively charged ion

Question 9

Which ions are attracted to Anode?

Answer 9

Negatively Charged Ions (Anions)

Question 10

Which ions are attracted to Cathode?

Answer 10

Positively charged Ions (Cations)

Question 11

What happens at the anode?

Answer 11

Negative ions lose electrons to become atoms/molecules.

Question 12

What happens at the cathode?

Answer 12

Positive Ions gain electrons to become atoms/molecules.

Question 13

Reduction or Oxidations? CATHODE

Answer 13

Reduction

Question 14

Reduction or Oxidation? ANODE

Answer 14

Oxidation

Question 15

What do water molecules break up in electrolysis?

Answer 15

H+ & OH- ions.

Question 16

What are the rules for anode (electrolysis)?

Answer 16

• If - ions are halides (Cl, Br…) then the halogen is produced.
• If - ions aren’t halides (CO3, NO3…) then oxygen is produced.

Question 17

What are the rules for cathode? (electrolysis)

Answer 17

• If + ions (metals) are more reactive than Hydrogen, then Hydrogen is produced.
• If + ions (metals) are less reactive than Hydrogen, then that metals is produced?

Question 18

Which metals are less reactive than Hydrogen?

Answer 18

Copper, Silver & Gold.

Question 19

What’s an acid?

Answer 19

Contain Hydrogen, and release Hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

Question 20

What’re bases?

Answer 20

• Opposite to acids

- Contain elements that react with acids to make water

Question 21

What’s an alkali?

Answer 21

• Are bases

- Contain OH- ions

Question 22

Word equation for neutralisation?

Answer 22

Acid + Alkali —> Salt + Water

Question 23

Acid & Carbonate reactions?

Answer 23

Acid + Carbonate —> Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 24

Metal & Acid reactions?

Answer 24

Acid + Metal —> Salt + Hydrogen

Question 25

What does a catalyst do?

Answer 25

• Lowers activation energy
  So:
• Bonds break more easily
• Reaction is faster

Question 26

What releases energy? (energetics)

Answer 26

Forming new bonds

Question 27

What takes in energy? (energetics)

Answer 27

Breaking bonds