Electrocardiograms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the frontal plane 6 limb leads and angles?

A

Inferior leads:
Lead II 60o
Lead III 120o
aVF 90o

Left Lateral Leads:
Lead I 0o
aVL -30o

Right Lateral Lead:
aVR -150o

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2
Q
Which leads belong to the following groups:
Anterior
Left lateral
Inferior
Right ventricular
A

Anterior: V2, V3, V4
Left lateral: I, aVL, V5, V6
Inferior: II, III, aVF
Right ventricular: V1, aVR

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3
Q

Normal T-wave amplitude

A

1/3 - 2/3 of corresponding R wave

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4
Q

Normal QRS Interval

A

0.06-0.10 seconds (less than 1/2 a big box)

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5
Q

Normal PR interval

A

0.12-0.2 seconds (less than one box)

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6
Q

Difference between interval and segment

A

Segments do not include bumps, intervals include at least one bump (QRS Interval)

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7
Q

Relationship between T wave and R wave

A

One is repolarization and the other is depolarization. Since repolarization is the opposite direction and opposite change in ions as depolarization, on leads with a positive R wave, expect a positive T wave.

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8
Q

Which interval includes all the ventricular electrical activity

A

QT interval

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9
Q

What percentage of an R-R interval is a QT interval?

A

40%

R-R interval is a cardiac cycle

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10
Q

Differentiate between hypertrophy and enlargement of the heart

A

Hypertrophy: enlargement of muscle mass. Usually from increased after load (more power needed to overcome resistance).
i.e. hypertension or aortic stenosis
Enlargement: aka dilatation; corresponds to a specific chamber. Usually from increased preload (a chamber grows to accommodate more volume).
i.e. valvular disease (mitral insufficiency may cause left atrial enlargement)

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11
Q

3 changes in hypertrophy/enlargement

A
  1. Increase in duration
  2. Increase in amplitude
  3. Change in electrical axis
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12
Q

If QRS axIs is normal, which 2 leads can you check are important to be positive

A

Lead 1 and aVF

It is normal for QRS axis to be between 0-90o

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13
Q

8 Steps to reading an ECG

A
  1. Rate
  2. Rhythm
  3. Axis
  4. P - wave
  5. P-R segment
  6. QRS - width
  7. QT interval
  8. T - wave inversions
  9. STEMI
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