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Physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is charge?

A

The rate of flow of current

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2
Q

What circuit is an ammeter placed in?

A

A series circuit

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3
Q

What circuit is a voltmeter placed in?

A

A parallel circuit

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4
Q

What is the equation for current?

A

Current = charge / time
I = Q / T

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5
Q

What is the equation for voltage?

A

Voltage = energy transferred / charge

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6
Q

What is the equation for resistance?

A

Resistance = voltage / current
R = V / I

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7
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

Electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance

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8
Q

What does the I-V graph of a resistor show?

A

That the current and voltage increase in consistent intervals, obeying Ohm’s law

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9
Q

What does the I-V graph of a filament bulb show?

A

That when the voltage increases, the lamp gets hotter and the resistance increases so it doesn’t obey Ohm’s law

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10
Q

What does the I-V graph of an LED / diode show?

A

That the current only flows in one direction. The current increases rapidly after a certain voltage and doesn’t obey Ohm’s law

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11
Q

What are the rules for a series circuit?

A

Voltage is shared between the components
Current is the same at all times
The total resistance is the sum of resistances of each component

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12
Q

What are the rules for a parallel circuit?

A

Voltage is the same at all times
Current is shared between the components
The current through each component depends on the resistance of the component

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13
Q

What is static electricity?

A

When an object either gains or loses electric charge via the transfer of electrons

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14
Q

How are electrons transferred between objects?

A

By friction

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15
Q

What is an electric field?

A

A region of space around a charged object where other charged objects will feel a force

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16
Q

What is frequency?

A

How many times the current changes direction and back again in one second

17
Q

What is the voltage and frequency of the UK’s mains supply?

A

230V, 50Hz

18
Q

Is the UK’s mains supply AC or DC?

A

AC

19
Q

What does the live wire do?

A

Carries the current to the appliance

20
Q

What does the neutral wire do?

A

Maintains a voltage of 0V

21
Q

What does the fuse do?

A

Stops the flow of current if it gets too high by melting and breaking the circuit

22
Q

What does the earth wire do?

A

‘Earths’ the appliance in case one of the wires touches the casing

23
Q

What are the advantages of circuit breakers and RCCBs?

A

They work faster than fuses and are more sensitive

24
Q

What are the equations for power?

A

Power = current x potential difference
P = I x V
Power = current² x resistance
P = I² x R

25
Q

What are some of the problems that fossil fuels cause?

A

Air pollution, smog, acid rain, sulphur dioxide, climate change and release of greenhouse gases

26
Q

What are the advantages of fossil fuels?

A

Reliable
Easily transportable
Can be built anywhere

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A

Produces pollutants
Non renewable and will run out
Ongoing cost of fuel

28
Q

How does the national grid work?

A

Electrical energy is transferred from the power station to consumers using a high voltage and low current - this is so less energy is wasted and transmission of energy is more efficient

29
Q

When is a step-down transformer used?

A

Near housing

30
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of overhead cabling?

A

Advantages:
Easier to repair
Less expensive
Cables are cooled by the air
Disadvantages:
Disrupts the scenery
Can be damaged by storms
Greater risk of electric shock

31
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of underground cabling?

A

Advantages:
Don’t disrupt the scenery
Can’t be damaged by severe weather
Reduced risk of electric shock
Disadvantages:
Repairs take longer and are more expensive
Expensive to install
Need a cooling system

32
Q

What is voltage / potential difference defined as?

A

The work done per coulomb of charge

Physics (8 decks)

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