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AQA A Level Politics - UK > Elections > Flashcards

Elections Flashcards

1
Q

What type of system in FPTP

A

pluralist system in which the electorate votes for one candidate in their constituency

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2
Q

How many votes do you need to win with FPTP

A

The most
Don’t need to win a majority

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3
Q

(voting) What are the advantages of FPTP

A

simple
easy to understand - most votes wins

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4
Q

(voting) What are the disadvantages of FPTP

A

wasted votes
tactical voting
choice of candidate is made by the party

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5
Q

(constituencies) What are the advantages of FPTP

A

represented by one MP

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6
Q

(constituencies) What are the disadvantages of FPTP

A

majority may have voted against their representative
ignore safe seats
differing populations in constituencies

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7
Q

in 2019 how many seats were marginal

A

only 67

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8
Q

(Parties) What are the advantages of FPTP

A

creates a two-party system - clear choice
difficult for extremist parties to win seats

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9
Q

(Parties) What are the disadvantages of FPTP

A

favours parties with concentrated support
minor parties win fewer seats
wasted votes
difficult for new parties

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10
Q

in 2015 how many votes and seats did UKIP win

A

3.9 million votes

only 1 seat

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11
Q

(Government) What are the advantages of FPTP

A

result in majority single party governments
clear mandate
easily help accountable
coalitions are rare

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12
Q

(Government) What are the disadvantages of FPTP

A

exaggerates the mandate of government
voting system designed for two party system

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13
Q

what do majoritarian systems require a candidate to gain

A

50% plus one vote to win

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14
Q

What’s an example of a majoritarian system

A

the Supplementary Vote (SV)

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15
Q

where is the Supplementary Vote (SV) used

A

elections for the mayor of London, directly elected metro mayors and police and crime commissioners

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16
Q

what does a candidate need to win with the Supplementary Vote (SV)

A

needs to gain 50% plus one vote to win

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17
Q

what type of constituencies use the Supplementary Vote (SV)

A

single-member constituencies

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18
Q

What’s an example of a proportional system

A

single transferable vote (STV)

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19
Q

where is the single transferable vote (STV) used

A

Northern Ireland Assembly and Scottish local council elections

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20
Q

How are seats allocated with the single transferable vote (STV)

A

seats are allocated in proportion to the number of votes received by each party

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21
Q

what type of constituencies use the single transferable vote (STV)

A

Large multi-member constituencies

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22
Q

What’s an example of a mixed system

A

The Additional Member System (AMS)

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23
Q

where is the Additional Member System (AMS) used

A

Scottish Parliament, Welsh Parliament elections and the London Assembly

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24
Q

Supplementary Vote (SV) advantages

A

increased legitimacy
choice

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25
Q

Supplementary Vote (SV) disadvantages

A

not proportional
difficult for minor parties to win
still wasted votes
can be elected without majority
can result in the ‘least-worse’ candidate

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26
Q

Single Transferable Vote (STV) advantages

A

proportional
greatest choice

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27
Q

Single Transferable Vote (STV) disadvantages

A

coalitions are likely
link between voter and representative is weak
complex counting system
complex voting process

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28
Q

Additional Member System (AMS) advantages

A

more proportional than FPTP
choice
split-ticket voting

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29
Q

Additional Member System (AMS) disadvantages

A

not perfectly proportional
two classes of representatives are elected
cannot choose between individual candidates
majority government less likely then FPTP
complex voting system

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30
Q

over which age are people more likely to vote Conservative

A

39

31
Q

in the 2019 what percentage of those 18-24 voted

A

under 55%

32
Q

in the 2019 what percentage of those 75+

A

more then 80%

33
Q

(class) traditionally which class were more likely to vote for Labour

A

the working class

34
Q

(class) what has been happening since the 1980s

A

class dealignment

35
Q

(class) in the 2016 EU referendum who was more likely to vote Remain

A

Middle-class voters

36
Q

(class) in the 2016 EU referendum who was more likely to vote Leave

A

Working-class voters

37
Q

(class) In the 2019 general election who was more likely to vote Conservative

A

all classes

38
Q

(class) In the 2019 general election who were people with degree level education more likely to vote for

A

Labour

39
Q

which gender were more likely to Remain

A

women

40
Q

in 2019 who were women slightly more likely to vote

A

Labour

41
Q

who are BAME voters more likely to vote for

A

Labour

42
Q

What percentage of BAME voters voted Labour in 2019

A

around 64%

43
Q

what type of constituencies are more likely to vote Conservative

A

rural and southern constituencies

44
Q

what type of constituencies are more likely to vote Labour

A

urban areas

45
Q

what did the Conservatives manage to break in 2019

A

The Red Wall

46
Q

what is rational choice theory

A

voters weigh up all the political options logically and vote for the party that will deliver the best result for them

47
Q

what is issue voting

A

voters prioritise one issue above all others and vote purely based on that issue

48
Q

what are Valence issues

A

those that are universally accepted to be important and choose a party based on how well they think they’ll perform.

49
Q

Examples of Valence issues

A

Economy
Healthcare
Education

50
Q

in the 1997 election, what was Labour’s majority

A

179 seat majority

51
Q

in the 1997 election, what percentage of BAME voters voted Labour

A

70%

52
Q

in the 1997 election, what percentage of white voters voted Labour

A

43%

53
Q

in the 1983 election, what was the conservative majority

A

144 majority

54
Q

in the 2019 election, what was the conservative majority

A

80 seat majority

55
Q

In 2015 how many votes and seats did UKIP get

A

3.9 million votes

1 seat

56
Q

In 2015 how many votes and seats did the Green Party get

A

1.1 million votes

1 seat

57
Q

In 2015 how many votes and seats did the SNP get

A

1.5 million votes

56 MPs

58
Q

What are 3 reasons for calling a referendum

A

Constitutional change
Political forces
Party or government management

59
Q

When was the North East England Devolution referendum

A

2004

60
Q

What was the result of the North East England Devolution referendum

A

78% of voters in the northeast rejected the plan

61
Q

What was the turnout of the North East England Devolution referendum

A

48%

62
Q

When was the Welsh Devolution referendum

A

2011

63
Q

What was the result of the Welsh Devolution referendum

A

63% Yes

64
Q

What was the turnout of the Welsh Devolution referendum

A

35.6%

65
Q

When was the AV referendum

A

2011

66
Q

What was the result of the AV referendum

A

68% voted to keep FPTP

67
Q

What was the turnout of the AV referendum

A

42%

68
Q

When was the Scottish Independence referendum

A

2014

69
Q

What was the result of the Scottish Independence referendum

A

55% voted to remain

70
Q

What was the turnout of the Scottish Independence referendum

A

84.5%

71
Q

When was the EU referendum

A

2016

72
Q

What was the result of the EU referendum

A

52% voted to leave
48% voted to remain

73
Q

What was the turnout of the EU referendum

A

72%

AQA A Level Politics - UK (12 decks)

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