ELC Male

Question 1

Name the stages of sperm in spermatogenesis

Answer 1

Spermatogonia A-> B-> 1º spermatocytes->2º spermatocytes-> spermatids-> spermatozoa

Question 2

How do 1º spermatocytes-> 2º?

Answer 2

By undergoing meiosis 1

Question 3

How do 2º spermatocytes-> spermatids?

Answer 3

Meiosis 2

Question 4

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 4

The entire process of male gamete production (spermatogonia->spermatozoa)

Question 5

What is the 1st part of spermatogenesis called?

Answer 5

Spermatocytogenesis

Question 6

What is the 2nd part of spermatogenesis called?

Answer 6

Spermatidogenesis

Question 7

How long does it take to develop to spermatozoa?

Answer 7

70 days

Question 8

Whats at the tip of the head of a sperm?

Answer 8

Acrosome tip

Question 9

What process do 1º spermatocytes go through and why is it significant?

Answer 9

Meiosis 1, significant due to crossing over-> genetic variation

Question 10

Why can’t you see 2º spermatocytes in the slides?

Answer 10

As soon as they form they divide and produce spermatids

Question 11

Why can’t you see 2º spermatocytes in the slides?

Answer 11

As soon as they form they divide and produce spermatids

Question 12

What changes occur to form a spermatozoa?

Answer 12

They gain an acrosome (from golgi body), tail of microtubules, mitochondria and glycoproteins. DNA is packaged and condensed and excess cytoplasm buds off a residual bodies

Question 13

Are spermatozoa fertile when they complete differentiation?

Answer 13

No, they are non motile until they reach they epididymis

Question 14

Functions of sertoli cells

Answer 14

Phagocytose residual bodies, secrete fluids and androgen binding protein, form blood-testis barrier

Question 15

Describe appearance of sertoli cells

Answer 15

Pillar shaped, large paley stained cytoplasm, oval nucleus

Question 16

What is the CT layer on the surrounding the seminiferous tubules in the testis?

Answer 16

Tunica albicans

Question 17

What CT layer is found external to the tunica albicans?

Answer 17

Tunica vaginalis (visceral and parietal)

Question 18

What hormones do leydig cells secrete? Appearance or Leydig cells?

Answer 18

Androgens-> testosterone

Foamy, washed-out cytoplasm (stores of cholesterol)found outside seminiferous tubules

Question 19

What hormone(s) stimulate Leydig cells?

Answer 19

LH from anterior pituitary gland

Question 20

Where do all the seminiferous tubules converge?

Answer 20

At the rete testes, form 15-20 ducts called ductili efferentes

Question 21

Where do all the seminiferous tubules converge?

Answer 21

At the rete testes, form 15-20 ducts called ductili efferentes

Question 22

What is the rete testes?

Answer 22

Area in testes where all the seminiferous tubules converge and form 15-20 ductili efferentes

Question 23

How do sperm reach the epididymis?

Answer 23

Via 15-20 ductili efferentes from the rete testes

Question 24

What type of epithelium is found in the epididymis? Modifications?

Answer 24

Psuedostratified columnar with stereocilia to move spermatozoa

Question 25

What type of epithelium is found in the epididymis? Modifications?

Answer 25

Psuedostratified columnar with stereocilia to move spermatozoa

Question 26

What happens to sperm in the epididymis?

Answer 26

Become motile (flagella become functional), fluid resorbed

Question 27

Describe the smooth muscle in the ductus deferens

Answer 27

3 layers- inner long, middle circ, outer long

Question 28

What are the zones and glands of the prostate called?

Answer 28

Central zone- periurethral mucosal glands Transitional zone- periurethral mucosal glands Peripheral zone- peripheral branched main glands

Question 29

What are the zones and glands of the prostate called?

Answer 29

Central zone- periurethral mucosal glands Transitional zone- periurethral mucosal glands Peripheral zone- peripheral branched main glands

Question 30

Components of prostatic secretion?

Answer 30

Simple sugars (nourish sprematozoa) Proteases (free sperm from viscous semen after ejaculation) Alkaline chemicals (neutralise vaginal acids) Citric acid, PSA, zinc and acid phosphtase

Question 31

What are prostatic concretions also called?

Answer 31

Corpora amylacea

Question 32

What are corpora amylacea?

Answer 32

Prostatic concretions- calcium and dead cells

Question 33

What zone is benign prostatic hypertrophy most commonly found in?

Answer 33

Transitional zone- causes urinary retenetion and bladder hypertrophy

Question 34

What zone is benign prostatic hypertrophy most commonly found in?

Answer 34

Transitional zone- causes urinary retenetion and bladder dilation

Question 35

What structure is a hydrocele found in?

Answer 35

The tunica vaginalis of the scrotum

Question 36

Neonatal hydrocele is due to what?

Answer 36

A failure of budding when the testes drop down | Open pathway between peritoneum and tunica vaginalis

Question 37

What column(s) is/are found dorsally in the penis?

Answer 37

2 dorsal columns- corpora cavernosa

Question 38

What column(s) is/are found ventrally in the penis?

Answer 38

1 ventral column- corpora spongiosum | Urethra runs through it

Question 39

What muscle is found in the skin of the penis?

Answer 39

Dartos muscle

Question 40

What specific sensory nerve ending is found in the penis epithelium? Where exactly?

Answer 40

Genital end bulbs- corona glandis

Question 41

Type of epithelium in the urethra?

Answer 41

Transitional (like the bladder)