ELC Male Flashcards
Name the stages of sperm in spermatogenesis
Spermatogonia A-> B-> 1º spermatocytes->2º spermatocytes-> spermatids-> spermatozoa
How do 1º spermatocytes-> 2º?
By undergoing meiosis 1
How do 2º spermatocytes-> spermatids?
Meiosis 2
What is spermatogenesis?
The entire process of male gamete production (spermatogonia->spermatozoa)
What is the 1st part of spermatogenesis called?
Spermatocytogenesis
What is the 2nd part of spermatogenesis called?
Spermatidogenesis
How long does it take to develop to spermatozoa?
70 days
Whats at the tip of the head of a sperm?
Acrosome tip
What process do 1º spermatocytes go through and why is it significant?
Meiosis 1, significant due to crossing over-> genetic variation
Why can’t you see 2º spermatocytes in the slides?
As soon as they form they divide and produce spermatids
Why can’t you see 2º spermatocytes in the slides?
As soon as they form they divide and produce spermatids
What changes occur to form a spermatozoa?
They gain an acrosome (from golgi body), tail of microtubules, mitochondria and glycoproteins. DNA is packaged and condensed and excess cytoplasm buds off a residual bodies
Are spermatozoa fertile when they complete differentiation?
No, they are non motile until they reach they epididymis
Functions of sertoli cells
Phagocytose residual bodies, secrete fluids and androgen binding protein, form blood-testis barrier
Describe appearance of sertoli cells
Pillar shaped, large paley stained cytoplasm, oval nucleus
What is the CT layer on the surrounding the seminiferous tubules in the testis?
Tunica albicans
What CT layer is found external to the tunica albicans?
Tunica vaginalis (visceral and parietal)
What hormones do leydig cells secrete? Appearance or Leydig cells?
Androgens-> testosterone
Foamy, washed-out cytoplasm (stores of cholesterol)found outside seminiferous tubules
What hormone(s) stimulate Leydig cells?
LH from anterior pituitary gland
Where do all the seminiferous tubules converge?
At the rete testes, form 15-20 ducts called ductili efferentes
Where do all the seminiferous tubules converge?
At the rete testes, form 15-20 ducts called ductili efferentes
What is the rete testes?
Area in testes where all the seminiferous tubules converge and form 15-20 ductili efferentes
How do sperm reach the epididymis?
Via 15-20 ductili efferentes from the rete testes
What type of epithelium is found in the epididymis? Modifications?
Psuedostratified columnar with stereocilia to move spermatozoa
What type of epithelium is found in the epididymis? Modifications?
Psuedostratified columnar with stereocilia to move spermatozoa
What happens to sperm in the epididymis?
Become motile (flagella become functional), fluid resorbed
Describe the smooth muscle in the ductus deferens
3 layers- inner long, middle circ, outer long
What are the zones and glands of the prostate called?
Central zone- periurethral mucosal glands
Transitional zone- periurethral mucosal glands
Peripheral zone- peripheral branched main glands
What are the zones and glands of the prostate called?
Central zone- periurethral mucosal glands
Transitional zone- periurethral mucosal glands
Peripheral zone- peripheral branched main glands
Components of prostatic secretion?
Simple sugars (nourish sprematozoa)
Proteases (free sperm from viscous semen after ejaculation)
Alkaline chemicals (neutralise vaginal acids)
Citric acid, PSA, zinc and acid phosphtase
What are prostatic concretions also called?
Corpora amylacea
What are corpora amylacea?
Prostatic concretions- calcium and dead cells
What zone is benign prostatic hypertrophy most commonly found in?
Transitional zone- causes urinary retenetion and bladder hypertrophy
What zone is benign prostatic hypertrophy most commonly found in?
Transitional zone- causes urinary retenetion and bladder dilation
What structure is a hydrocele found in?
The tunica vaginalis of the scrotum
Neonatal hydrocele is due to what?
A failure of budding when the testes drop down
Open pathway between peritoneum and tunica vaginalis
What column(s) is/are found dorsally in the penis?
2 dorsal columns- corpora cavernosa
What column(s) is/are found ventrally in the penis?
1 ventral column- corpora spongiosum
Urethra runs through it
What muscle is found in the skin of the penis?
Dartos muscle
What specific sensory nerve ending is found in the penis epithelium? Where exactly?
Genital end bulbs- corona glandis
Type of epithelium in the urethra?
Transitional (like the bladder)
