ELC Female

Question 1

When do primordial germ cells start dividing by meiosis?

Answer 1

At 5 months gestation

Question 2

Where do oogonia get to in meiosis?

Answer 2

Meiosis 1, prophase

Question 3

At what age to immature oocytes become surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells?

Answer 3

7 months gestation

Question 4

At puberty how many oogonia are activated in each cycle?

Answer 4

About 20, usually only one of these will actually fully mature and be released into the fallopian tube

Question 5

What are the layers surrounding the follicle called?

Answer 5

Theca externa and interna

Question 6

What are the 2 layers surrounding the oocyte?

Answer 6

Granulosa cells and then the light pink zona pellucida

Question 7

What is the cavity in the follicle called?

Answer 7

The antrum

Question 8

What is the stalk the oocyte is attached to also called?

Answer 8

Cumulus oophorus

Question 9

What is atresia?

Answer 9

Death of a follicle, can occur at any point

Question 10

What happens to the follicle as soon as the oocyte has been expelled? Function?

Answer 10

Degrades into a corpus luteum and secretes progesterone

Keeps endometrium valid for implantation

Question 11

What happens to the corpus luteum in non pregnancy?

Answer 11

Degrades into corpus albicans after 14 days and then shrinks to become a scarred and fibrous corpus albicans

Question 12

What happens tot he corpus luteum in pregnancy?

Answer 12

Corpus albicans forms after 3 months

Question 13

What type of epithelium lines the fallopian tubes?

Answer 13

Simple columnar with cilia and peg cells (secretory)

Question 14

Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 14

IVF, pelvic inflammatory disease, chlamydia, prog only pill

Question 15

What is the functional relevance of spiral arteries?

Answer 15

Spiral arteries are converted for uteroplacental blood flow in pregnancy

Question 16

What artery anastamoses with the uterine artery?

Answer 16

Ovarian artery

Question 17

What does the endometrium look like in the menstrual stage of a menstrual cycle?

Answer 17

Blood found in the endometrial stroma, cells necrose and there is many glands but thay are degenerating

Question 18

What does the endometrium look like in the proliferative stage of a menstrual cycle?

Answer 18

Endometrium is thickening with many mitotic figures, glands are present but fairly straight

Question 19

What does the endometrium look like in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

Glands are coiled with sawtooth appearance
Glycogen produced by epithelial cells is seen as vacuoles
Highly vascular

Question 20

What layer of the endometrial tissue is lost in menstruation?

Answer 20

Stratum functionalis

Question 21

What cells cause a fibroid (leiomyoma)?

Answer 21

Smooth muscle myocytes

Question 22

Function of thick cervical mucus

Answer 22

Helps protect uterus from external pathogens and spermatozoa (until fertilisation when mucus becomes thin and watery)

Question 23

What transition in cell type is seen in the ecto cervix? Why change?

Answer 23

Columnar mucus secreting epithelium-> Non keratinising stratified squamous
Due to acidic conditions of vagina

Question 24

What are the infoldings of the cervix called?

Answer 24

Nabothian cysts

Question 25

Why are the vaginal epithelial cells so pale?

Answer 25

Don’t secrete but cells contain glycogen stored in vacuoles (glycogen leaves when cells die)

Question 26

Describe the pathological changes seen in cervical carcinoma

Answer 26

No gradual change from dark purple to light
Cells have large nuclei and less cytoplasm
Nuclei don’t become elongated and squamous as you go up
Can see mitotic figures