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Anatomy II Fall 2023 > Elbow Region > Flashcards

Elbow Region Flashcards

1
Q

What bones and parts of bones make up the humero-ulnar joint?

A
  • humerus (trochlea)
  • ulna (trochlear notch)
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2
Q

What bones and parts of bones make up the humero-radial joint?

A
  • humerus (capitulum)
  • radius (radial fossa)
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3
Q

What bones and parts of bones make up the radio-ulnar joint?

A
  • radial head
  • radial notch of the ulna
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4
Q

What is “valgus”?

A
  • when the distal angle of the joint moves away from midline
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5
Q

What is “varus”?

A
  • when the distal segment of joint moves toward midline
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6
Q

What is included in the radius?

A
  • head (toward elbow)
  • neck
  • radial tuberosity
  • shaft
  • ulnar notch
  • styloid process
  • dorsal tubercle = Lister’s tubercule
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7
Q

Where is the head of the ulna?

A
  • towards the wrist
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8
Q

What does the Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) do?

A
  • Restricts valgus force
  • from medial epicondyle to coronoid & olecranon
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9
Q

What does the Radial/lateral collateral ligament (RCL) do?

A
  • restricts varus force
  • lateral epicondyle to anular ligament
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10
Q

What does the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) do?

A
  • prevents posterior dislocation of radial head
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11
Q

What does the anular ligament do?

A
  • encircles the radial head
  • connects it to the ulna
  • medial head spins during pronation/supination
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12
Q

What is the primary muscle for supination?

A

Primary: Biceps Brachii
Secondary: Supinator

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13
Q

What is the primary action for pronation?

A

Primary: pronator quadratus
Secondary: pronator teres

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14
Q

List the muscles in the anterior portion of the forearm

A

Superficial
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate
- flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus

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15
Q

What are the compartments of the posterior functional arm?

A
  • wrist extensors, abductors, adductors
  • digit extensor
  • thumb extensors & abductors
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16
Q

What muscles are in the wrist extensors, abductors, adductors compartment?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
  • extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
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17
Q

What muscles are in the digit extensor compartment?

A
  • extensor digitorum (ED)
  • extensor indicis (EI)
  • extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
18
Q

What muscles are in the thumb extensors & abductors compartment?

A
  • abductor pollicis longus (APL)
  • extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
  • extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
19
Q

What are the compartments of the posterior anatomical arm?

A
  • superficial
  • deep
20
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior anatomical part of the arm?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
  • extensor digitorum (ED)
  • extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
  • extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
21
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior anatomical part of the arm?

A
  • supinator
  • extensor indicis (EI)
  • abductor pollicis longus (APL)
  • extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
  • extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
22
Q

What muscles when acting together cause wrist flexion?

A
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor carpi radialis
23
Q

What muscles when acting together cause wrist extension?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor indicis
24
Q

What muscles when acting together cause wrist abduction (radial deviation)?

A
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
25
What muscles when acting together cause wrist adduction (ulnar deviation)?
- flexor carpi ulnaris - extensor carpi ulnaris
26
What are the consequences of a median nerve injury at the elbow?
- flexor digitorum superficialis to digits 2-5 -> no PIP flexion - flexor digitorum produndus to digits 2-3 -> no DIP flexion - flexor pollicis longus to thumb -> no IP flexion
27
What are the consequences of an anterior interosseous nerve injury?
- will not be able to do the "okay" sign - can not flex the distal phalanges
28
What are the consequences of an ulnar nerve injury at the elbow?
- paresthesias down medial palm and 1 1/2 fingers - pain radiating down medial forearm - motor loss: hand intrinsics, FCU, & ulnar 1/2 of FDP
29
What are consequences of a radial nerve injury at the elbow?
Superficial - sensation to dorsal is minimally lost Deep - motor to supinator and extensors is lost/weakened - no thumb or MCP extension
30
List the major arteries for the elbow/forearm
Axillary -> brachial -> Radial & Ulnar arteries 1) Radial -> recurrent branches for anastomosis around elbow -> palmer and dorsal carpal (around wrist) 2) Ulnar -> recurrent branches of anastomosis around elbow -> common interosseous branches into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
31
What are the myotomes for the elbow and forearm?
- flexion: C6 - Extension: C7 - Pronation: C7/8 - supination: C6
32
What does the median nerve supply?
- all anterior muscles (except FCU & 1/2 FDP) - AIN supplies deep flexors - palmar cutaneous branch supplies central palm
33
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
- supplies FCU & 1/2 FDP - passes through Tunnel of Guyon - Palmar and Dorsal cutaneous branches to skin of hand
34
What does the radial nerve supply?
Superficial - sensation to dorsum hand (crosses snuffbox which makes it vulnerable) Deep - motor to supinator, posterior compartment muscles distal to lateral epicondyle
35
What is a colles fracture?
- transverse fracture of the distal radius - from FOOSH - women in 50+, osteoporosis - "dinner fork" deformity
36
What are some concurrent injuries associated with elbow dislocation?
- Fractures: radial head, coronoid process, olecranon - UCL tear - ulnar nerve injury
37
Define nursemaid's elbow
- radial head slips out inferiorly of anular ligament (could tear) - CAUSE: sudden jerk of forearm in pronated position
38
Define Tennis Elbow
- lateral epicondylitis - CAUSE: repetitive gripping or flexion/extension of wrist - symptoms: TTP lateral epicondyle, pain local or radiating, pain w/ gripping
39
Define students elbow
olecranon bursitis - subcutaneous bursa - direct blows, infections, repeated pressure & friction
40
What is Pronator Syndrome?
- entrapment of Median nerve as if passes through 2 head of pronator teres - CAUSE: Trauma, muscular hypertrophy, fibrous bands - symptoms: decreased sensation palmar skin digits 1-3 & radial 1/2 of 4th digit; weakened pronation against resistance

Anatomy II Fall 2023 (11 decks)

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