Elbow and Wrist MMT Flashcards
Elbow Flexion Grades 0-2
Muscle:
- biceps brachii (thumb up)
- brachialis (thumb down)
- brachioradialis (palm down)
Position: sitting, arm resting on table (shoulder 90 degrees abducted. elbow extended), slide arm into flexion
Stabilization: superior ipsilateral shoulder
Elbow Flexion Grades 0-2 (alternative)
Muscle:
- biceps brachii
- bracialis
- brachioradialis
Position:
Grade 2: sitting, 90 degrees shoulder abduction (PT supporting arm), flexion of elbow with palm in neutral position
Grade 0-1: supine, flexion of elbow
Stabilization:
Grade 2: support test limb, holding underneath the distal humerus and wrist
Elbow Flexion Grades 3-5
Muscle:
- biceps brachii (palm up)
- brachialis (palm down)
- brachioradialis (palm in neutral)
Position: sitting on table
Stabilization: anterior ipsilateral shoulder
Resistance: proximal wrist
Elbow Extension Grades 0-2
Muscle: triceps brachii
Position: sitting in chair, arm resting on table, 90 degrees shoulder extension/elbow in flexion, slide elbow to extension
Stabilization: superior ipsilateral shoulder
Elbow Extension Grades 0-2 (alternative)
Muscle: triceps brachii
Position: sitting, 90 degrees shoulder abduction (PT supporting arm), extension of elbow with palm in neutral position
Stabilization: support test limb, holding underneath the distal humerus and wrist
Elbow Extension Grades 3-5
Muscle: triceps brachii
Position: supine, 90 degrees shoulder flexion/full elbow flexion, extend elbow (do not perform test in full range of extension)
Stabilization: anterior arm, proximal to elbow
Resistance: midshaft of ulna
Elbow Supination Grades 0-2
Muscle: supinator
Position: sitting in chair, arm resting on table in 90 degrees shoulder abduction/elbow flexion, supinate
Stabilization: under arm at distal humerus, between table and arm
Elbow Supination Grades 3-5
Muscle: supinator
Position: sitting on table, 90 degrees elbow flexion, supinate
Stabilization: medial side of elbow
Resistance: underneath forearm (proximal wrist)
Elbow Pronation Grades 0-2
Muscle: pronator teres and pronator quadratus
Position: sitting on table, 90 degrees elbow flexion, pronate
Stabilization: medial side of elbow
Resistance: underneath forearm (proximal wrist)
Elbow Pronation Grades 3-5
Muscle: pronator teres and pronator quadratus
Position: sitting on table, 90 degrees elbow flexion, pronate
Stabilization: medial side of elbow
Resistance: underneath forearm (proximal wrist)
Wrist Flexion Grades 0-2
Muscle: flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
Position: sitting in chair, arm resting on table in neutral position, flexion of wrist
Stabilization: distal/posterior wrist, between table and wrist
Wrist Flexion Grades 3-5
Muscle: flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
Position: sitting in chair, arm resting on table in a supinated position, flex wrist
Stabilization: posterior aspect of distal forearm
Resistance:
- FCR: base of thumb, pulling into extension and towards ulna
- FCU: base of 5th digit, pulling into extension and towards radius
Wrist Extension Grades 0-2
Muscle:
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
Position: sitting in chair, arm resting on table in neutral position, extension of wrist
Stabilization: distal/posterior wrist, between table and wrist
Wrist Extension Grades 3-5
Muscle:
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
Position: sitting in chair, arm resting on table in a pronated position, extend wrist
Stabilization: posterior aspect of distal forearm
Resistance:
- ECRL and ECRL: base of thumb/2nd digit, pulling into flexion and towards ulna
- ECU: base of 5th digit, pulling into flexion and towards radius
