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EPHE 344 - Final Exam > Elbow and Forearm Injuries > Flashcards

Elbow and Forearm Injuries Flashcards

1
Q 
the elbow is composed of \_\_ synovial joints surrounded by
\_\_ capsule(s)
A

3; 1

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2
Q

What are the three synovial joints that surround the elbow?

A

radiohumeral, humeroulnar, radioulnar

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3
Q

Elbow - stability & power in ___ and hand positioning & function in ___

A

CKC; OKC

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4
Q

The elbow is second to ____ for dislocations associated with overuse injuries

A

shoulder

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5
Q

the humeroulnar is a ___ joint that performs?

A

hinge- flexion and extension

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6
Q

the humeroradial is a ___ joint that performs?

A

gliding - flexion and extension

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7
Q

the proximal radioulnar is a ___ joint that performs?

A

pivot - pronation and supination

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8
Q

The elbow has more ___ support and less ___ support then the shoulder.

A

boney; ligamentous

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9
Q

ligaments of the elbow? (5)

A
  • ulnar (medial) collateral
  • radial (lateral) collateral
  • annular
  • quadrate ligament
  • oblique cord
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10
Q

bursae of the elbow?

A

olecranon

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11
Q

Neurovascular support is very close to the elbow joint, what does this mean with regard to injury?

A

injury can more easily cause impingement or cut off blood flow

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12
Q

“angle between humerus and ulna (arm in anatomical position)”

A

carrying angle

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13
Q

the carrying angle of the elbow is __-__ degrees

A

10-15

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14
Q

the carrying angle is greater in what gender?

A

females

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15
Q

chronic injuries to elbow? (2)

A

repetitive motions or incorrect mechanisms - eg. throwing

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16
Q

4 components of injury prevention about the elbow?

A
  1. protective equipment
  2. physical conditioning
  3. proper equipment
  4. proper skill technique
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17
Q

why do you have to make sure you treat the whole arm when working with an injured arm?

A

the elbow is in the middle of the arm so you must treat above and below

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18
Q

Olecranon bursitis is an ___ injury - what is it?

A

acute - big swelling right on the point of the elbow

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19
Q

Tennis elbow is a chronic elbow injury to the ____ epicondylitis

A

lateral

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20
Q

Golfer’s elbow is a chronic elbow injury to the ____ epicondylitis

A

medial

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21
Q

“inflammation of the common tendon”

A

epicondylitis

22
Q

Etiology:

  • Result of direct blow or repetitive blows
    • May develop myositis ossificans
A

elbow contusions

23
Q

Signs and Symptoms:

  • Swelling (rapidly after irritation of bursa or synovial membrane); localized pain; bruising; ↓ROM.
  • May have paraesthesia (numbness – usually down arm)
A

elbow contusions

24
Q

management for elbow contusions?

A

RICE for at least 24 hours, and if severe, refer for x-ray

25
Q

Etiology for Olecranon bursitis?

A

can be acute or chronic - caused via direct blow, repetitive pressure, and friction

26
Q

Signs and symptoms of olecranon bursitis?

A

Pain, swelling, and point tenderness; limited ROM especially flexion

27
Q

management for olecranon bursitis?

A

RICE, compression pad, NSAIDs, may need to be aspirated

28
Q

Etiology:

Movement beyond normal ROM; sudden eccentric loading; repetitive microtears

A

elbow strain

29
Q

Signs & Symptoms:

-Point tenderness in muscle or MTJ; swelling, bruising, possible deformity; pain with active & resisted motions

A

elbow strains

30
Q

management for elbow strains?

A

RICE, sling in severe cases

31
Q

Etiology:

-FOOSH (hyperextn); valgus or varus (driving out from the inside) force; repetitive forces

A

elbow sprain

32
Q

Signs and Symptoms:

-Joint tenderness; painful ROM; laxity with stress tests; swelling; ↓ROM

A

elbow sprain

33
Q

management for elbow sprain?

A
  • RICE, tape, brace or sling; NSAIDs

- Surgery may be necessary (Tommy John surgery – have either avulsed the medial side or completely torn it

34
Q

Etiology –
FOOSH forcing hyperextn; severe twist while flexed
Bones may be displaced A/P or laterally

A

elbow dislocation

35
Q

Signs and Symptoms:

  • Swelling, severe pain, disability, deformity; snapping or cracking sensation
  • Possible neurovascular complications
  • May involve radial head fracture
A

elbow dislocation

36
Q

What direction of elbow dislocation is the most common?

A

posterior - if it is anterior then it usually means the elbow is broken

37
Q

Management for elbow dislocation? (4)

A
  • cold and pressure immediately
  • transport to hospital for reduction
  • monitor neurovascular function
  • strengthening exercises for shoulder and hand
38
Q

What is a possible complication with an elbow dislocation?

A

myositis ossificans

39
Q

A FOOSH often fractures what part of the humerus? What type of deformity can this result in?

A

humerus above condyles or between condyles - may result in gunstock deformity

40
Q

repetitive or sudden contraction of flexor-pronator group can cause what?

A

elbow avulsion fracture “little league elbow”

41
Q

“a permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist, resulting in a claw-like deformity of the hand and fingers”

A

Volkmann’s contracture - elbow fracture

42
Q

Etiology:

  • Repetitive microtrauma to insertion of extensor muscles of lateral epicondyle; tendinosis without inflammation
  • Incorrect racquet or grip size, or string tension too high; poor technique; eccentric loading of extensors during deceleration phase
A

lateral epicondylitis

43
Q 
Signs and Symptoms:
-Aching pain in region 
of lateral epicondyle 
after activity
-Pain worsens and 
weakness in wrist and 
hand develop
-Elbow has decreased 
ROM; pain w/ resistive 
wrist extension
A

lateral epicondylitis

44
Q

Management:
Management
-RICE, NSAID’s & rest
-ROM exercises, deep friction massage; mobilization and stretching in pain free ranges
-Use of a counter force or neoprene sleeve – trying to give the epicondyle a break
-Mechanics and skills training in order to avoid recurrence

A

lateral epicondylitis

45
Q

Etiology:

  • Repeated forceful flexion of wrist and extreme valgus torque of elbow
  • May involve pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, and palmaris longus tendons
  • Can be associated with ulnar nerve neuropathy
A

medial epicondylitis

46
Q

Signs & Symptoms:

  • Pain produced with forceful flexion or extension
  • Point tenderness and mild swelling
  • Passive movement of wrist seldom elicits pain, but active movement does
A

medial epicondylitis

47
Q

Management:

  • Sling, rest, cryotherapy or heat through ultrasound
  • Analgesic and NSAID’s
  • Curvilinear brace below elbow to reduce elbow stressing
  • Severe cases may require splinting and complete rest for 7-10 days
A

medial epicondylitis

48
Q

In upper body rehab, restoration of proprioception and balance can be worked on through what type of exercises?

A

closed-chain

49
Q

Muscular endurance, strength, and power work in upper body rehab can be worked on using what type of exercises?

A

PNF-resisted and open-chain exercises

50
Q

In upper body rehab, what can be used to supply the load?

A

opposite hand

EPHE 344 - Final Exam (5 decks)

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