Elbow

Question 1

Torques

Answer 1

Flexion torque during pronation/supination:

Flexion torque is a rotational force that causes flexion, or bending, of a joint.

– flexion torques are 70% greater than extension toques

– the torque force needed for a bicep curl is 70% greater than an extension push down

Supination:
– ulnar is fixed
– the radius will roll away from the ulnar

Pronation:
– ulnar is fixed, radius will rotate towards the ulnar
– the radius moves over the ulnar

Question 2

Levers

Answer 2

Fulcrum, effort in middle and load at the end

Fulcrum is the elbow

effort comes from the biceps brachii

Load is the weight in the hand when doing a bicep curl

Question 3

Roll and slide

Answer 3

Concave on convex meaning they roll and slide in the same direction

Humerus- passive and fixed, doesn’t move

radius and ulnar- active, the movement comes from them

Concave- ulnar
Convex- humerus

Flexion:
– when flexing the elbow, the ulnar rolls and slides upwards

extension:
– when extending the elbow, the ulnar rolls and slides downwards

Question 4

Role of the interosseous membrane

Answer 4

To stabilise and control how much pronation and supination movement can occur in the forearm

At the end of the interosseous membrane–> it turns into a syndresmosis, a really strong cartilaginous structure