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Cardio > EKG Tutorial Lecture Notes > Flashcards

EKG Tutorial Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Convention: conceive of electrical waves of the heart as

A

positive wave moving across muscle

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2
Q

positive wave moving to positive electrode yield what in electrocardiogram

A

positive peak

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3
Q

in most cases atria are electrically isolated from ventricles by what

A

fibrous tissue in the AV ring

Separate electrical activity

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4
Q

terminal purkinje fibers

A

fibers that innervate myocardial cells

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5
Q

R and left ventricle depolarize in what amount of time

A

less than 120 milliseconds

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6
Q

any initial negative deflection is called

A

Q wave

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7
Q

all positive deflections are called

A

R waves

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8
Q

All neg deflection that following a positive deflection

A

an S wave

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9
Q

exception: an initial negative deflection is called

A

a Q or QS wave

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10
Q

if no S wave then it is called

A

called a QR wave

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11
Q

If no Q wave then it is called

A

RS wave

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12
Q

Duration of normal QRS lasts

A

120 milliseconds

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13
Q

ST segment

A

plateau that signifies no waves toward or away from electrode

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14
Q

T wave represents

A

ventricular repolarization (also plateau???)

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15
Q

most of the time,

A

the wave of depolarization and repolarization is in the same direction

  • opposite signed waves moving in opposite directions so wave is in same direction
  • depol occurs endocardium to epicardium while repol occurs from epicardium to endocardium
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16
Q

repolarization can be considered

A

negative wave moving through heart muscle

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17
Q

PR interval

A

time it takes the impulse to go through Av node

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18
Q

P wave represents

A

atrial depolarization

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19
Q

atrial repolarization

A

such small volume of electrical activity (overwhelmed by QRS complex

20
Q

EKG

A

plot of voltage vs Time

small squares: 1 mm by 1 mm

big squares: 5 mm x 5 mm

speed of standard EKG: 25 mmm per second

  • time between 1 mm lines is 0.04 sec
  • time between 5 mm line is 0.2 sec
21
Q

PR interval lasts

A

0.16 secs (normally no more than 4 blocks)

22
Q

QRS complex

A

0.08 secs (normally less than 0.120 sec)

23
Q

where are electrodes placed

A

right arm

left arm

left leg

24
Q

lead one

A

neg on right arm and positive electrode in left arm

25
Q

lead two

A

neg on right arm and postive on left foot

26
Q

lead three

A

neg on left arm and positive on left leg

27
Q

pneumonic for lead charges

A

right arm is always negative

foot is always positive

left arm is either positive or negative depending on the lead

28
Q

Lead AVF

A

positive electrode in foot

negative electrode: combination of left arm and right arm

(looks down into the foot

29
Q

Lead AVR

A

negative electrode on left leg and left arm

pos electrode on on right arm

“looks up and to the right”

30
Q

Lead AVL

A

neg electrode on left foot and right arm

pos. electrode on left arm

“looks up and to the left”

31
Q

lead one and AVL called

A

lateral leads

32
Q

Leads III, AVF and II are called

A

inferior leads

33
Q

what are the chest leads

A

V1-V6

activity in transverse plane (compared to those in the frontal plane)

34
Q

What happens to waves as you go from V1 to V6

A
  • R wave gets taller and s wave gets less deep
35
Q

Which leads are in teh right ventrcile

A

V1 and V2

36
Q

Which leads are in teh left ventrcile

A

V3 and V4

give you activity in the anterior wall or septal wall

37
Q

dubin procedure

A

rate, rhythm, axis, hypertrophy and the presence of infaction

38
Q

how many milliseconds per minute

A

60,000 milliseconds in a minute

39
Q

how to calculate beats per minute

A

60,000 divided by milliseconds of per one beat on the EKG

300/1, 300/2, 300/3 etc.

40
Q

60,000/200

A

300 bpm

41
Q

60,000/400

A

150 (etc)

42
Q

How do you remember the # HR numbers (300, 150 etc)

A

300/1 , 300/2, 300/3, etc

43
Q

More precise way to measure HR?

A

1500/ # of small boxes

Ex. 1500/25 =60

When they don’t line up with big boxes

44
Q

What are the anterior leads

A

I, II, III, aVR, aVI, aVF

45
Q

What are the horizontal leads

A

V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

46
Q

Rhythm strip is usually:

A

lead II

47
Q

how do you calculate more precise HR

A

1500/ number of boxes = more precise HR

Cardio (13 decks)

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