EKG pictures Flashcards
Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
100-150 bpm
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
ominous rhythm with 170-230 bpm
at rest can be 150 bpm
Atrial fibrillation
Chaotic rhythm with intermitten normal QRS waves
Typically has no recognizable P waves; instead has random looking “fibrillatory waves” between the QRS complexes
Atrial contraction is lost here
Most common cause of stroke due to increased chance of thrombus formation
Atrial flutter
Due to establishment of a reentry circuit within atria (flutter rate of around 250-300 bpm)
Characteristic “sawtooth baseline” on the EKG
Typically normal QRS complexes either at every 2nd or 4th impulse
Normal sinus rhythm (NSR) with premature ventricular complexes (w/PVCs)
May be caused by increased ventricular automaticity or re-entry
Typically a string of normal QRS complexes with a random extra abnormal one thrown in
Can be benign; but does indicate ventricular irregularity
Ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach)
Very fast, almost uninterrupted abnormal QRS complexes (>200 bpm)
Can transition into ventricular fibrillation
Myocardial ischemia, cardiac drug toxicity, and electrolyte imbalances are common causes
Ventricular fibrillation
Muted random unrecognizable waves (0 bmp) with no cardiac output
Primary rescue = AED shock
Secondary prevention = ICD
1st degree HB
2nd degree heart block (Mobitz Type I or Wenchebach)
A cyclical, progressive conduction delay causing slight increases in PR interval until a beat is dropped (indicated by intermittent, regular flatlines)
Results from increased vagal tone, myocardial ischemia, or some drugs (Ca++ blockers, digitalis, or B-blockers potientially)
2nd degree heart block (Mobitz Type II)
Sporadic “dropping” of the beat without progression
May cause low cardiac output or progress to 3rd degree heart block
An implanted pacemaker can be used for effective treatment
3rd degree (complete) heart block
Ominous rhythm with very low heart rate (around 30 bpm)
Caused by independent beating of atria and ventricles; P/QRS waves are present, but are not related to eachother at all here
Can progress to ventricular stand still
Can be caused by lyme disease in some cases
An implanted pacemaker can be used for effective treatment
Some characteristic EKG findings: P- waves without QRS (“lonely P-wave”)
Non-regular P-R intervals
Prolonged QRS
pacemaker
What AP correlate with each color?
yellow: SA node
pink: atria
dark blue: AV node
light blue: purkinje fibers
red: ventricle
Torsades de Pointe
Rhythm: Irregular
Rate: Fast (200-250 bpm)
P wave: Absent
PR Interval: Not measurable
QRS: Wide, bizarre looking
Brugada syndrome
elevated ST segment descending with an upward convexity to an inverted T wave
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
epsilon wave: notch in terminal part of QRS
