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SS- Cardio > Anti-arrhythmics > Flashcards

Anti-arrhythmics Flashcards

1
Q

Class IA

A

Intermediate
[T]>1 second
Prolongs AP duration due to K+ channel blocking properties
Use: ventricular and atrial arrhythmia

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2
Q

Class IB

A 
less than 1 second
rapid dissociation
effective anti-tachycardia drug
short AP duration
Use: ventricular arrhythmias
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3
Q

Class IC

A

[T]>10 seconds
Dissociation very slow
Pronounced slowing of depolarization
A. Fib, SVT

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4
Q

carotid massage

A

vagal activation

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5
Q

atropine

A

vagal blocker

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6
Q

dofetilide

A

K channel blocker

use: a. fib (interrupts reentry)

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7
Q

ibutilide

A

IV
K channel blocker
use: a. fib or flutter

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8
Q

mexilitine

A

oral
Class IB: Na channel blocker
SE: GI distress

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9
Q

procainamide

A

IV
Class 1A: Na channel blocker
use: Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, Short term-treatment (e.g., post-op atrial fib), WPW
SE: drug induced lupus (more likely in slow acetylators), torsades

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10
Q

Class I: Na channel blockers

A

Bind during open and inactivated states, Phase 0 depolarization is slowed (slowed conduction velocity and suppression of ectopic pacemakers in atrial and ventricular myocytes), Slowed conduction though re-entrant circuits, Reduced availability of Na+ channels (increases membrane voltage required for a new depolarization): Inceased Effective Refractory Period (ERP).
Vary based on rate of dissociation [T] from Na channel

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11
Q

Class II: beta blockers

A

MOA: Electrophysiologic effects: reduces enhanced automaticity related to catecholamines and ischemia, Slows AV node conduction by blocking pos influence of catecholamines (blocks exercise- induced increase in vent rate in atrial fib)
Use: Reduces atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with CHD (improves survival).
PVCs in pts w/ and w/o structrual heart disease
SVT, rate control a. Fib and flutter

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12
Q

Class III: K channel blockers

A

MOA: Suppress ectopic pacemakers, Interrupt re-entry, Extended AP b/c phase 2 and 3 repolarization delayed: Increases ERP (making it harder for ectopic pacemakers to fire and for re-entry to be sustained)
SE: QT interval prolonged: early after depolarization and torsades
Use: a. Fib and flutter
Ventricular tachycardia for amid arose and sotalol

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13
Q

Class IV: Ca channel blockers (Non-dihydropyridines)

A

MOA: Reduce SA node automaticity, Reduce AV node conduction, Little effect on electrophsiology of fast conduction tissues (atrium and ventricle) under normal conditions.
SE: SA block, AV block, Impaired myocardial contractility, Hypotension
CI (due to prolonged PR): CHF, sinus bradycardia, AV block
Use: rate control in a. Fib, prevent nodal arrhythmias (SVT)

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14
Q

adenosine

A

IV: T1/2 10s
MOA: Blocks AV node to terminate acute PSVT
Diagnostic for PSVT: Reverts: confirms diagnosis, If not: other cause of atrial flutter
AE: chest tightness, transient asystole, reoccurrence of PVST

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15
Q

digoxin

A

vagal activation
MOA: Antiarrythmic effects mediated via increased vagal nerve activity, Na/K ATPase inhibition with calcium overload, Reduces SA node automaticity, Reduces AV conduction, Controls ventricular rate in supraventricular arrhythmias., Interrupts reentry in AV node,
Increased normal automaticity, Delayed afterdepolarizations
use: APB, VPB, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block, ventricular tachycardia

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16
Q

verapamil

A

non-dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

17
Q

diltiazem

A

non-dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker

18
Q

amidarone

A

oral or IV
long T1/2: highly lipophilic
MOA: K channel blockade, Na(IA), Ca channel blockade, B-adrenergic blockade
Interacts w/ nuclear thyroid hormone receptors
use: Atiral, ventricular arrhythmias, IV for acute life-threatening arrhythmias (Ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation) has replaced lidocaine as drug of choice in cardiac resuscitation
CI: CYP3A4 inhibitor
AE: pulmonary fibrosis, gray-blue skin, corneal micro deposits (halos), hyper/hypothyroidism, muscle weakness, hepatitis

19
Q

dronedarone

A

Non-iodinated congener of amidarone
use: Paroxysmal atrial fib, Maintenance of sinus rhythm following cardioversion
CI: decompensated CHF

20
Q

sotalol

A

Non-selective B-blocker, K+ channel blocker
use: Atrial, ventricular, AV nodal
re-entrant arrhythmias
(including ventricular tachycardia)
CI: long QT interval, renal insufficiency. Asthma or COPD, Decompensated CHF, AV block, bradycardia

21
Q

propranolol

A

Beta blocker

use: Suppress VPBs related to sympathetic activity

22
Q

metoprolol

A

Beta blocker

use: Slow heart rate in supraventricular arrhthmias by blocking AV node

23
Q

acebutolol

A

Beta blocker

use: Suppress ventricular premature beats related to sympathetic activity

24
Q

esmolol

A

IV: ultra short duration
Beta blocker
use: Slows AV node cunduction for acute treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias

25
Q

atenolol

A

Beta blocker

use: Rate control in atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, Prevent recurrence of PSVT

26
Q

flecanide

A

Class IC: Na channel blocker: Suppress automaticity, Increases effective refractive period in atria, ventricles.
CI: Structural heart disease, Increased mortality post-MI, LV dysfunction, CHD, sustained VT (proarrhythmic effect)

27
Q

propafenone

A

Class IC: Na channel blocker and Beta blocking properties

use: a. fib/flutter w/out structural heart disease

28
Q

lidocaine

A

IV (oral has 1st pass)
Class IB: Na channel blocker: Preferentially binds to Na+ channels in partially depolarized cells to suppress abnormal automaticity
Use: Acute ventricular tachycardia, Ventricular arrythmias
NOT effective for atrial arrythmia
AE: CNS

29
Q

quinidine

A

Class 1A: Na channel blocker
use: Atrial and ventricular arrythmias
SE: QT prolongation, TDP, Ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, syncope, Diarrhea, Autoimmune thrombocytopenia

30
Q

disopyradine

A

Class 1A: Na channel blocker

SE: Vagolytic (Urinary retention, Dry mouth, Blurred vision), precipitates heart failure.

31
Q

Class 1B

A

less than 1 second
rapid dissociation
effective anti-tachycardia drug
short AP

SS- Cardio (16 decks)

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