Antihypertensives

Question 1

List of alpha 1 blockers

Answer 1

“zosin”
prazosin
doxazosin
terazosin

Question 2

List of non selective beta blockers

Answer 2

propranolol
carvedilol
pindolol
timolol

Question 3

List of 3rd generation beta blockers (selective)

Answer 3

metoprolol
atenolol
bisprolol
nebivolol

Question 4

List of ACE inhibitors

Answer 4

"pril"
captopril
lisinopril
enalapril
ramipril

Question 5

List of AR blockers

Answer 5

"sartan"
losartan
valsartan
irbesartan
telmisartan
candesartan

Question 6

List of renin inhibitors

Answer 6

aliskerin

Question 7

List of alpha 2 agonists

Answer 7

clonidine
guanabens
guanfacine
methyldopa

Question 8

List of direct vasodilators

Answer 8

minoxidil
sodium nitroprusside
diazxide
fenoldopam

Question 9

List of L-type calcium channel blockers: phenylalkylamine

Answer 9

verapamil

Question 10

List of L-type calcium channel blockers: benzothiazepine

Answer 10

diltiazem

Question 11

L-type calcium channel blockers: dihydropyridines

Answer 11

"dipine"
amoldipine
nifedipine
nicardipine
nimodipine

Question 12

alpha1 adrenergic receptor blockers

Answer 12

use: BPH; not for HTN monotherapy
effects: decrease TPR and BP, relax bladder and prostate muscles; increase HDL and lower LDL, beneficial effect on insulin resistance
SE: first dose hypotension with prazosin

Question 13

Beta blockers with no ISA

Answer 13

effects: decrease HR and contractility and therefore CO, inhibit renin release
use: HTN, additive to diuretics, mortality benefits with bisprolol

Question 14

labetalol

Answer 14

mixed alpha1 and nonselective B antagonist

use: IV for HTN emergencies (preeclampsia and pheochromocytoma

Question 15

carvedilol

Answer 15

mixed alpha 1 and nonselective B antagonist
antioxidant: protects membranes from lipid preoccupation, prevents LDL oxidation and decreased LDL uptake in coronary vessels

Question 16

nebivolol

Answer 16

B1 selective antagonist with NO-mediated vasodilation

antixoidant

Question 17

Use of 3rd generation B blockers

Answer 17

reduce BP , HR more than other B blockers
NOT first line for HTN
use: CHF (reduce mortality and morbidity)
not associated with changes in lipids and glucose, preferred in metabolic syndrome

Question 18

bisprolol

Answer 18

B1 blocker

Question 19

Additional uses of B blockers

Answer 19

CHF, MI, sinus/AV arrhythmias

off label: stage fright, altering memory

Question 20

timolol

Answer 20

B blocker for open angle glaucoma (reduce production of aqueous humor)
preferred in HTN patents with: MI, ischemic heart disease, CHF, hyperthyroidism and migraines

Question 21

Side effects of B blockers

Answer 21

cold extremities, bradycardia, bronchospasm, CNS side effects (depression and dreams)
block glycogenolysis and delay recovery from hypoglycemia in T1DM (not seen with 3rd generation or selective B blockers)
increase LDL and reduce HDL, increase TG
WITHDRAWAL syndrome: taper to avoid tachycardia

Question 22

ACE inhibitors

Answer 22

inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme: inhibits conversion o angiotensin I to angiotensin II
reduces secretion of aldosterone, increase renal blood flow without increase in GFR
dilate arteries and veins, reduce BP, reduce thickening of vessels
*no postural hypotension (baroreceptors intact)

Question 23

captopril

Answer 23

increase syn. of renal PGs (delays progression of renal dissuasion diabetics)

Question 24

Effects of angiotensin II

Answer 24

1. cardiac and vascular hypertropy
2. systemic vasoconstriction
3. thirst: increased blood volume
4. pituitary: increase ADH
5. adrenal cortex: increase aldosterone
6. renal sodium and fluid retention