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VT book > EKG/ECG > Flashcards

EKG/ECG Flashcards

1
Q

ECG/EKG

Electrical Activity starts in the _______node located in the _____Atrium.

A

Sinus Node

Right Atrium

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2
Q

ECG/EKG

This means movement of ions across the cell membrane.

A

DEpolarization

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3
Q

ECG/EKG

Ions move through channels. The 3 channels/electrolytes are:

A

Na
K
Ca

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4
Q

ECG/EKG

Movement of ions across cell membrane causes:

A

Contraction/ Heart beats

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5
Q

ECG/EKG

REpolarization means

A

REturning to previous REsting state

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6
Q

ECG/EKG

During REpolarization the cardiac muscles are ___

A

RElaxed

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7
Q

Parts of ECG/EKG
What is happening?
Atrial depolarization & contraction

A

P wave

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8
Q

Parts of ECG/EKG
What is happening?
Atrial REpolarization & RElaxation &simultaneous
Ventricular depolarization & contraction

A

QRS

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9
Q

Parts of ECG/EKG
What is happening?
Ventricular REpolarization & RElaxation

A

T Wave

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10
Q

Parts of ECG/EKG
What is happening?
Final state of REpolarization of the Ventricles

A

U Wave

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11
Q

ECG/EKG only shows you _____ activity,

A

Electrical activity of the heart

NOT MUSCULAR ACTIVITY!

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12
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

electrical impulses generated from the ___ node

A

Sinus

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13
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

  1. Rate?
  2. Rhythm?
  3. Is there a P wave before each QRS?
A
  1. Normal HR 60-100 bpm
  2. Rhythm is regular
  3. YES
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14
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

  1. Are the P waves upright & similar?
  2. What is the length of the PR interval?
A
  1. YES

5. ) 0.12 - 0.20 MEMORIZE!!

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15
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

6. What is the length of the QRS complex?

A

6.) 0.06 - 0.12 MEMORIZE!!

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16
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Treatment

A

NO TREATMENT & NO MEDS

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17
Q

Atrial Flutter

What is the huge issue here?

A

BLOOD CLOTS
Heart is quivering = blood is not moving & tends to clot
Heart is not beating fully

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18
Q

Atrial Flutter

Abnormal activity in the ____ leading to abnormal ____cardia.

A

atriums

abnormal TACHYcardia

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19
Q

Atrial Flutter

  1. Rate?
  2. Rhythm?
  3. Is there a P wave before each QRS?
A
  1. Atrial: 250-400 bpm (twice as fast as ventricles)
    Ventricular: variable
  2. Atrial: regular
    VENTRICULAR: IRREGULAR
  3. Normal P waves are ABSENT
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20
Q

Atrial Flutter

  1. Are the P waves upright & similar?
  2. What is the length of the PR interval?
A
  1. saw tooth pattern

5. unable to measure

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21
Q

Atrial Flutter

6. What is the length of the QRS complexes?

A

6.) 0.06 - 0.12

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22
Q

These NCLEX Pxs have Atrial Flutter

  1. _____ disorder
  2. ______pathy
  3. _____ of the heart muscle
  5. Isch___
  6. Emph____
A
  1. Valve
  2. Cardiomyopathy
  3. Thickening
  4. COPD
  5. Ischemia
  6. Emphysemia
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23
Q

Nursing interventions for Atrial Flutter

Treatment of choice:

A

CARDIOVERSION

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24
Q 
Nursing interventions for Atrial Flutter
Slow the ventricular rate by using:
\_\_\_\_\_zem
\_\_\_\_\_amil
\_\_\_\_\_lis
\_\_\_\_\_blockers
A

diltiazem
verapamil
digitalis
beta

25
Q

Nursing interventions for Atrial Flutter

_____ to reduce incidence of thrombus formation.

A

HEPARIN

26
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

abnormal electrical activity in the _____

A

ventricles

27
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

looks like wide ______.

A

QRS complexes

28
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia
1. Rate?

  1. Rhythm?
  2. Is there a P wave before each QRS?
A
  1. Atrial: Q- unable to determine
    Ventricular: 100-200bpm
  2. Regular
  3. Absent
29
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

  1. Are the P waves upright & similar?
  2. What is the length of the PR interval?
A
  1. Absent

5. not measurable

30
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

6. What is the length of the QRS complexes?

A
  1. Wide greater than 0.12 sec
31
Q

Stable V Tach= _____symptoms

A

NO symptoms

32
Q

Unstable V Tach = ____symptoms

A

With symptoms

33
Q 
These pxs have V Tach:
\_\_\_\_\_users
\_\_\_\_\_trauma
\_\_\_\_\_takers
\_\_\_\_\_heart hx
\_\_\_\_\_kalemia
A 
Cocaine users
Chest trauma
DIGOXIN
Enlarged
Hypokalemia
34
Q

Treatment for V Tach

A

DEFIBRILLATION

35
Q

NEVER pick ____as a treatment for V Tach because it stimulates the ventricles.

A

NEVER EPINEPHRINE

36
Q

Synchronized shock to the PEAK of the QRS Complex

A

C A R D I O V E R S I O N

37
Q

NON SYNCHRONIZED shock at ANY PHASE of the cardiac cycle

A

D E F I B R I L L A T I O N

38
Q

No electrical activity

A

Asystole

39
Q

Treatment for Asystole

A

1st: Epinephrine
2nd: Atropine

CPR

40
Q

Asystole

What is the pulse & BP of the patient?

A

ZERO 0

41
Q

Asystole

If the monitor says asystole but the patient is clearly alive then check for?

A

ELECTRODE PLACEMENT

42
Q

Electrical activity NOT coming from the heart

A

ARTIFACT

43
Q

Artifact

DO NOT PUT electrodes over ____.

A

hairy areas & bony prominences

44
Q 
Artifact
possible causes are:
loose \_\_\_\_
muscle\_\_\_\_\_
client \_\_\_\_\_
A

loose electrodes
muscle tremors
client movements

45
Q

Artifact

Treatment

A

identify the cause & correct placements

46
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
First Degree Heart Block (can happen in a normal px)
The difference bet. NSR : The PR Interval is ____ than normal.

A

longer/increased

**HR is slower, heart is so efficient

47
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
First Degree Heart Block
Is this an emergency?

A

NO!

48
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
First Degree Heart Block
What is the treatment?

A

MONITOR THE PX

49
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
First Degree Heart Block
What (2) meds can CAUSE FDHB?

A
  1. Beta Blockers

2. DIGOXIN (slow HR down)

50
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Second Degree Heart Block
Other name

A

Mobitz Type 1 or Wenckebach

51
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type 1 or Wenckebach)

The PR interval is ___,____ & then the QRS complexes ____.

A

long, longer

drops

52
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type 1 or Wenckebach)

Is this an emergency?

A

YES, mild emergency

53
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type 1 or Wenckebach)

What is the treatment?

A

Transcutaneous pacing

-electrodes are put on the skin

54
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type 1 or Wenckebach)

We have a P wave that does not have QRS Complex

A

non conducted P wave

55
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type 2)

The PR interval is ____ _____ & the QRS complex drops.

A

same length

56
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Second Degree Heart Block (Mobitz Type 2)

Is this an emergency?
What is the treatment?

A

YEEEEEEEEEEESSSSS!

Transcutaneous pacing
-electrodes are put on the skin

57
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Third Degree Heart Block

Is this an emergency?

A

MEDICAL EMERGENCY! WORST CASE!

*no tissue perfusion, px could die

58
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Third Degree Heart Block

The ___ & _____ are beating ___ from each other.

A

atrium & ventricles

separately

59
Q

NCLEX Advanced Topics:
Third Degree Heart Block

What is the treatment?

A

INTERNAL PACEMAKER

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