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EKG Chap 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest division on EKG ruled graph paper?

A

1 mm long & 1 mm high

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2
Q

Between the heavy black lines, how many small squares are there?

A

5

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3
Q

The height or depth of waves is measured from where?

A

from the baseline; in mm

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4
Q

What is the height or depth of waves a measurement of?

A

voltage

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5
Q

An upward deflection represents what?

A

amplitude

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6
Q

Vertical amplitude represents a measure of what?

A

voltage

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7
Q

Positive deflections appear how on an EKG?

A

upward

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8
Q

Negative deflections appear how on an EKG?

A

downward

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9
Q

The amount of time represented by the distance between 2 heavy black lines is?

A

0.2 seconds

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10
Q

Each small division (measured horizontally between 2 fine lines) represents?

A

.04 seonds

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11
Q

By measuring along the horizontal axis, what can be determined?

A

the duration of any part of a cardiac cycle

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12
Q

The amount of EKG graph paper that passes out of the EKG machine in .12 second is how many small squares?

A

3

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13
Q

A standard EKG is composed of?

A

6 limb leads & 6 chest leads

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14
Q

Electrodes placed on the right & left arms, and the left legs are what?

A

limb leads

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15
Q

How may electrodes are used to record a lead?

A

2

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16
Q

A pair of electrodes for each lead are called?

A

bipolar leads

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17
Q

Why are bipolar leads called such?

A

one is positive and one is negative

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18
Q

By selecting a different pair of electrodes for each lead, 3 separate bipolar limbs can be created and are called?

A

lead I, lead II, lead III

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19
Q

What is the bipolar limb lead configuration sometimes called?

A

Einthoven’s triangle

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20
Q

By pushing the 3 bipolar limb leads to the center of the triangle, what do you get?

A

three intersecting lines of reference

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21
Q

The AVF lead uses the left foot electrode as?

A

positive

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22
Q

In AVF, both the right and left arm electrodes are channeled into a common ground that has what kind of charge?

A

negative

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23
Q

For the AVR lead, the right arm electrode is what charge?

A

positive

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24
Q

For the AVR lead, the right arm electrode is positive and the remaining two electrodes are what charge?

A

negative

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25
Q

To obtain the AVL lead, the Left arm electrode is made what charge?

A

positive

26
Q

What are the other two electrodes , if for the AVL lead, the left arm electrode is made positive?

A

negative

27
Q

AVR equals what?

A

Right arm positive

28
Q

AVL equals what?

A

Left arm positive

29
Q

AVF equals what?

A

Foot (left foot) positive

30
Q

What are AVR, AVL, and AVF?

A

augmented (or unipolar) limb leads

31
Q

At what angle do AVR, AVL, and AVF leads intersect?

A

60 degree angles

32
Q

Do the angles for AVR, AVL and AVF differ from the bipolar limb leads I, II, III?

A

yes

33
Q

What do the 6 limb leads consist of?

A

three bipolar leads I, II, III and three augmented leads AVR, AVF, and AVL

34
Q

what is the flat plane of the limb leads called?

A

the frontal plane

35
Q

Does the EKG record the same cardiac activity in each lead?

A

yes

36
Q

What do the waves look different in various leads?

A

Because the heart’s electrical activity is recorded from a different angle for each lead

37
Q

What is the advantage of observing the EKG from six different angles?

A

It gives a much greater and more accurate perspective

38
Q

What are leads I and AVL called?

A

lateral leads

39
Q

Why are leads I and AVl called lateral leads?

A

because each has a positive electrode positioned laterally on the left arm

40
Q

What are leads II, III, and AVF called?

A

inferior leads

41
Q

Why are leads II, III, and AVF called inferior leads?

A

because each of these leads has a positive electrode positioned inferiorly on the left front

42
Q

Name the six chest leads

A

V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

43
Q

How are the 6 chest leads positioned?

A

In successive steps from the patient’s right to the left side of the chest

44
Q

The positioning of the 6 chest leads does what?

A

cover the heart in its normal anatomical position within the chest

45
Q

What is the plane of the chest leads called?

A

horizontal plane

46
Q

What does the horizontal plane of the chest leads do?

A

it cuts the body into top and bottom halves

47
Q

If lead V1 through V6 are imagined to be the spokes of a wheel, where is center of the wheel located?

A

AV Node

48
Q

What does lead V2 describe?

A

a straight line directly from the front to the back of the patient

49
Q

In lead V2, the patient’s back is considered to be what?

A

negative

50
Q

In V1, the QRS complex is normally what?

A

negative

51
Q

In V6, the QRS complex is mainly what?

A

positive

52
Q

Is the mainly positive QRS complex moving towards or away from the positive chest electrode of V6?

A

toward

53
Q

What are leads V1 and V2 called?

A

the “right” chest leads

54
Q

Why are V1 and V2 called the “right” chest leads?

A

because they are oriented over the right side of the heart

55
Q

What are leads V5 and V6 called?

A

left chest leads

56
Q

Why are leads V5 and V6 called “left” chest leads?

A

Because they are oriented over the left side of the heart

57
Q

Where are leads V3 and V4 oriented over?

A

the area of the interventricular septum

58
Q

What courses through the interventricular septum?

A

The Right and Left Bundle Branches

59
Q

An EKG recorded from trunk electrodes can record the same information as what?

A

Ankly or wrist electrode for a given limb lead

60
Q

Where are the electrode locations for trunk electrodes?

A

shoulders and abdomen

:) (11 decks)

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