EKG Flashcards
what is hypoxia
no oxygen
what s ischemia
no blood flow
what does too much K do
stops the heart, causes high T wave first
normal K
3.5 to 5
normal Ca
8.6 to 10.3
normal Mg
1.5 to 2.5
normal Na
136 to 145
normal Cl
98 to 106
size of small sq and big sq
0.04 sec and 0.20 sec
bpm of normal sinus rhythm
60-100 bpm
describe sinus bradycardia
- <60 bpm
- avoid suctioning d/t gag
- treatment: pacemaker and atropine
describe first degree heart block
- PR is prolonged
- rate is <60
- treatment is atropine
describe wekenbach
- second degree HB
- PR gets longer longer longer then drops a beat
- treatment: pacemaker or atropine
describe mobitz type two
- second degree HB
- beat drops every other
- poor perfusion
describe third degree HB
- AV dissociation
- P wave is independent from QRS
- treatment is pacemaker
describe PACs
do NOT treat
irregular beat d/t sympathetic stimulation
cardiac conduction
1) sa node (initiates rate)
2) av node
3) bundles of His
4) purkinjie fibers
describe dubins method
300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50, 43, 38, 33, 30
_______ of chambers provokes their contraction
depolarization
this is the resting between beats
straight line on paper
isoelectric line
ability to contract
automaticity
describe atrial flutter
saw tooth
atrial rate about 250-350
describe atrial fib
- no p waves
- always irregular
- *most common dysrthythmia d/t CHF
treatment of atrial fib
- cardizem (CCB)
- digoxin (glycoside)
- amiodarone
- cardioversion
- anticoagulant
describe sinus tachy
- rate > 150
treatment: beta blocker and calcium channel blocker
examples of beta blockers
metoprolol or labetolol
examples of calcium channel blockers
ditiazen (cardizem)
describe atrial tachy
- rate >150
- p wave is irregular but visible
treatment of atrial tachy
- adenosine (adenocard)
- diltazem (cardizem
- carotid massage
- cardioversion
describe PVCs
-no p wave preceeding PVC
-poor perfusion
BAD: frequency, couplets, multiple foci
describe SVT
- QRS is narrow
- rate is >160 or 200
- cannot determine p wave (not visible)
- treatment is adenosine or cardioversion
what to do in a code if no pulse
1) compression
2) epi
3) defibrilaltion
describe v fib
no contraction
no C.O.
treatment is defibrillation
describe v tach
no p wave
rate is about 150
go in and out of it
treatment of v tach if no pulse
compression
treatment of v tach if pulse
amiodarone
list of meds for v tach
shock/cardioversion epi vasopressin amiodarone lidocaine mg sulfate
describe polymorphic
v tach in multiple areas
d/t lack of mg
give IV mg
always check what first
pulse THEN start compressions if NO pulse
if pt talks to you while in v tach…
check BP
ask about chest pain or SOB
**about to code, give O2
if HR increases
BP decreases (inverse)
