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cardiology > EKG 1-4 > Flashcards

EKG 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

a wave of repolarization traveling towards a positive EKG causes a

A

downward deflection

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2
Q

a wave of repolarization traveling away from a positive EKG electrode causes

A

upward deflection

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3
Q

In EKG an interval includes what

A

at least one of the waves that it is named after

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4
Q

PR interval

A

beginiing of P wave to beginning of QRS

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5
Q

QT interval

A

beginning of QRS to end of T wave

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6
Q

ST interval

A

end of QRS to end of the T wave

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7
Q

P wave represents

A

atrial depolarization

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8
Q

T wave represents

A

ventricular repolarization

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9
Q

QRS represents

A

ventricular depolarization

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10
Q

where is early diastole

A

end of T wave beginning of P wave

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11
Q

U wave represents

A

repolarization of the purkinje fibers

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12
Q

each 5 boxes represent

A

.2 seconds

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13
Q

how many big blocks per second

A

5

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14
Q

how many big blocks per minute

A

300

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15
Q

heart rate is equal to 300 divided by

A

number of big blocks between consecutive beats on standard EKG tracing with regular rhythms

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16
Q

for slow heart rates or irregular rhythms the _____-marks may be used to determine heart rate

A

3 second marks

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17
Q

how do you determine the heart rate for slow heart rates or irregular rhythms

A

count number of cardiac cycles over 2 consectuvei 3 second intervals and multiply by 10

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18
Q

lateral leads are

A

I and AVL

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19
Q

inferior leads are

A

II, III, and AVF

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20
Q

normal frontal plane axis is

A

0-90 degrees

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21
Q

O is lead

A

I

22
Q

positive 30 degrees is

A

R (-)

23
Q

positive 60 is

A

lead II

24
Q

positive 90 is LEAD

A

F

25
Q

positive 120 is

A

lead III

26
Q

what are the 3 steps for locating QRS in the frontal plane

A

locate the most isoeletric lead, locate the lead 90 degrees from the most isoeletric lead and the QRS axis is along this lead in the direction corresponding to the polarity of the QRS complex in THAT lead

27
Q

if lead 1 qrs is positive and AVF is negative them

A

extreme RAD

28
Q

if lead 1 is positive and AVF is positive them

A

normal

29
Q

if lead 1 is positive and AVF QRS is negative them

A

LAD

30
Q

V1 is mostly

A

negative

31
Q

V6 is mostly

A

positive

32
Q

rules for determining the QRS axis in the horizontal plane

A

if R to S ration changes from negative to positive
after V4- leftward
at or before V2- rightward
between V2 and V4 then normal

if starts negative and stays negative -leftward
if starts positive and stays positive–rightward
if starts positive and becomes negative by V6 then leffward

33
Q

what is automaticity

A

ability of specialized cells to spontaneously generate electrical impulses which may then spread throughout surrounding tissue

34
Q

rate for atrial foci

A

60-80

35
Q

rate of junctional foci

A

40-60

36
Q

rate of ventricular foci

A

20-40

37
Q

overdrive suppresion

A

the pacemaker with the fastest rate is the dominant pacemaker

38
Q

what is escape

A

a protective mechanism whereby an automaticity focus with the next highest inherent rate begins pacing in the event of a pause or cessation of pacing activity of the previous dominant pacemaker

39
Q

escape beat

A

transient escape of automaticity focus to generate one beat; occurs when there is a pause in pacing activity in the previously dominant pacemaker

40
Q

escape rhythm

A

escape of automaticity focus with subsequent pacing by the automaticity focus at its inherent rate which occurs when there is a cessation of pacing activity in the previously dominant pacemaker

41
Q

what is the criteria for sinus rhythm

A

each QRS complex is preceded by a P wave and the P waves MUST BE positive in lead II and negative in lead AVR

42
Q

normal sinus rhythm is a heart rate of

A

60-100

43
Q

sinus bradycardia

A

less than 60 beats/minute

44
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

sinus rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute

45
Q

what are the criteria for sinus arrhthmia

A

sinus rhythm criteria and there is a GREATER than .16 (r small boxes) between the shortest and the longest PP intervals within the same EKG tracing

46
Q

what is the most common cause of sinus arrhthmia

A

respiration

47
Q

inverted P wave in lead two

A

atrial automaticity focus

48
Q

the key to determining the origin of a completely inverted P wave in lead II is the

A

length of the PR invertival assuming there is NO AV node dysfunction

49
Q

if automaticity is midwave between AV node and bundle of his then

A

P wave is nonexistent

50
Q

if P wave is close to the bundle of his them

A

P wave after QRS

cardiology (11 decks)

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