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MBOD Week 14 BT > Eicosoniods > Flashcards

Eicosoniods Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of Eicosanoids?

A
  1. Prostaglandins (PG)
  2. Thromboxanes (TX)
  3. Leukotrienes (LT)
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2
Q

T or F: Eicosanoids are produced by almost all cells

A

True

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3
Q

What is one of the biggest processes controlled by Eicosanoids?

A

Inflammation

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4
Q

What Eicosanoids are involved in control of bleeding?

- what are the effects?

A
  1. Thormboxane made by PLATLETES enhance aggregation

2. PGE2 and PGI2 (FROM ENDOTHELIAL CELLS) inhbit platelet aggreaction

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5
Q

T or F: different cell types have different enzymes which results in their response being very cell specific

A

True

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6
Q

What are some of the functions of Eicosanoids?

A
  1. Inflammatory Response
  2. Regulate Smooth muscle contraction
  3. Increase Water and Sodium Excretion
  4. BP regulation
  5. Constrict and Dilate BVs
  6. Brochoconstriction and dilation
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7
Q

What are Eicosanoids Derived from?

A

20C fatty acids

Arachidonic Acid*

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8
Q

T or F: Archidonic acid can be made by the human body

A

True

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9
Q

How many unsaturations are their in Eicosanoids?

A

4

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10
Q

How many carbons are in Linoleate?

A

18C

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11
Q

How do we get precursors for Arachidoninc acid?

A
  • We ingest them
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12
Q

What must act on Linoleate to turn it into arachidonic acid?

A
  1. Elongase

2. Desaturase

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13
Q

What does the presence of glucocorticoids do to production of Eicosanoids?

A
  • Inhibits release of Arachidonic Acid from its
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14
Q

What are the two general precusors of Arachidonate?

- What enzymes work to turn these into arachidonic acid?

A
  1. Phospholipids (Phospholipase A2)

2. Diacylglycerols (DAG Lipase)

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15
Q

What is the common precursor to prostaglandins and thromboxanes?

A

Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2)

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16
Q

What are the 2 activites of Prostaglandin Synthase?

A
  • Cyclooxygenase

- Peroxidase

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17
Q

From what part of the cell membrane are precursor lipids of Arachidonic Acids released?

A
  • Inner Leaflet of Cell Membrane
18
Q

What can we derive Arachidonic acid from?

A
  1. Essential Fatty Acids
  2. Omega-6
  3. Omega-3
19
Q

When signal tells the cell to make Eicosanoids?

A
  • Cytokine, hormone signals
20
Q

What are the 3 different pathways that Arachidonic acid can go down initially?

A
  1. Cyclooxygenase
  2. Lipooxygenase
  3. Cytochrome P450
21
Q

T or F: after released Eicosanoids bind Cell Surface Receptors

A

True

22
Q

What Eicosanoids work through the Adenylate Cyclase, cAMP, PKA pathway?

A
  • PGE
  • PGD
  • PGI
23
Q

What eicosanoids increaes Ca2+ in the cytosol?

A
  • PGF2

- Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

24
Q

How long is the lifespan of an Eicosanoid?

A
  • A few seconds to minutes (very short)

***Means they must act at a short distance from the cell that made them

25
Q

What does the subscript 1, 2 and 3 tell you about the prostaglandins?

A
  • The number of double bonds outside the ring system
26
Q

What do the letters A and F mean in the PG naming system?

A
  • They tell you about the oxidation state of the 9 (x) and 11 (y) substituents on the 5 membered ring

**A = most oxidized; F = least oxidized

27
Q

Where can their be double bonds in prostaglandins?

A
  • 5
  • 13 (always present)
  • 17
28
Q

What determines the final product of Eicosanoids?

A
  • The cell type/enzymes present in the cell
29
Q

What is the function of PGI2, PGE2, PGD2?

  • Increase
  • Decrease
A

Increase:
- Vasodilation, and c-AMP

Decrease:

  • Platelet Aggregation
  • Leukocyte Agregation
  • IL-2 and IL-2
  • T-cell proliferation
  • Lymphocyte Migration
30
Q

What is the function of PGF2-alpha?

A
  • Increases vasoconstriction, bronchoconstricion, smooth muscle contraction
31
Q

What gives Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) its distinct structure?

A
  • 6 membered ring with oxygen

- Epoxide between positions 9 and 11

32
Q

What is formed by the lipoxygenase pathway?

A
  • HETEs
  • Leukotrienes
  • Lipoxins
33
Q

What do lipoxygenases do?

A
  • Incorporate an oxygen molecules onto a carbon of a double bond
  • This forms a hydroperoxy (HPETE) group which isomerizes to an -OH group (HETE)
34
Q

Where are leukotrienes synthesized and how many double bonds do they have?

A
  • Synthesized in LEUKOCYTES

- Contain 3 double bonds

35
Q

What are the functions of LTB4?

A
  • Increases Vascular Permeability
  • T-Cell Proliferation
  • Leukocyte Aggregation
  • IL-1 and IL-2
36
Q

What does LTC4 and LTD4 do?

A
  • Increases vascular permeability

- Increases bronchoCONSTRICTION

37
Q

What are the 3 different positions that a lipoxygenase can add a hydroperoxy group?

A
  • 5, 12, and 15
38
Q

T or F: pathways exist to convert leukotrienes from LTA2 to LTB4 an LTC4 and form LTC4 to LTD4 and LTE4

A

True

39
Q

How many hydroxyl groups are in lipoxin A4 (LXA4) ?

A

3 hydroxy groups

40
Q

What two things do HPETEs reorganize to form?

A
  • Leukotrienes

- HETE

41
Q

What two Arachidonic acid derivatives are produced by cytochrome p450s?

A
  • Epoxide (5,6 - EET)

- Dihyroxide (5,6 - diHETE)

MBOD Week 14 BT (5 decks)

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