Efferent Control Flashcards
Temporalis
CN 5
Elevates, closes and retracts the mandible
Masseter
CN 5
Elevates and closes the mandible
Medial pterygoid
CN 5
Elevates and closes the mandible, brings it forward
Lateral pterygoid
CN 5
Opens mandible, protrudes, side to side motion
Obicularus oris
Facial CN 7
Opens, protrudes, twists lips
Creates a closed system to prevent food from falling out
Buccinator
Facial CN 7
Compresses teeth against cheeks
Keeps food on surface of the tongue so it doesn’t end up in the lateral sulci
Levator veli palatini
Vagus (10)
Elevates soft palate to create nasopharyngeal seal
Musculus uvulae
Vagus (10)
Shortens and raises the uvula
Aids in nasopharyngeal seal
Tensor veli palatini
Trigeminal (5)
Stretches/tenses soft palate
Hyoglossus
Hypoglossal (12)
Depression and flattening of the tongue
Fixed tongue = hyoid bone elevation
Fixed hyoid bone = retracts and depresses the tongue
Genioglossus
Hypoglossal (12)
Brings tongue forward, makes it concave, helping with bolus transport, forms floor of the mouth
Styloglossus
Hypoglossal (12) and accessory (11)
Elevates tongue and retracts during swallow
Primary driving force of bolus to back of oral cavity
Palatoglossus
Vagus and glossopharyngeal
Forms anterior faucial pillar, important for checking pre-swallow aspiration
Elevation of posterior portion of tongue, lowers palate and narrows fauces
Superior longitudinal
Hypoglossal (12)
Turns tip up and lateral margins up
Inferior longitudinal
Hypoglossal (12)
Shortens the tongue, turns tip down and lateral margins down
Transverse
Hypoglossal (12)
Narrows and elongates the tongue
Verticalis
Hypoglossal (12)
Widens/flattens and shortens the tongue
Superior and medial constrictor
Vagus
Contracts and moves the bolus to the esophagus
Acts like a pharyngeal stripping wave
Inferior constrictor
Vagus
Contraction closes off entrance to esophagus
During swallow, it relaxes allowing water/food to pass into the esophagus
Stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal (9)
Shortens and elevates the pharynx
Salpingopharyngeus
Vagus (10)
Elevates the pharynx and larynx
Helps open the Eustachian tube for equalizing pressure
Palatopharyngeus
Vagus
Assists in vertical shortening of pharynx
creating nasopharyngeal seal
Mylohyoid
Trigeminal (5)
Fixed jaw = elevates hyoid bone and tongue
Fixed hyoid = depresses jaw and moves hyoid anteriorly
Forms floor of the mouth
Geniohyoid
Hypoglossal (12)
Draws hyoid bone up and forward, lowers jaw
Anterior belly of digastric
Trigeminal (5)
Fixed hyoid bone = depresses jaw
Fixed jaw = elevates hyoid bone
Posterior belly of digastric
Facial (7)
Elevates and retracts the hyoid bone
Stylohyoid
Facial (7)
Elevates and retracts hyoid bone, positions it more anteriorly
Cricopharyngeus
Vagus (10)
Closing muscle of the upper classes esophageal sphincter (relaxes to let bolus through)
Elevates the larynx, thyroid cartilage up to hyoid bone
Thyroarytenoid
Vagus (10)
Shortens and thickens vocal folds, closes vocal folds for swallowing
Transverse arytenoid
Vagus (10)
Adducts VF as a protective airway mechanism
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Vagus (10)
Adducts VF as a protective airway mechanism
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Vagus (10)
Abducts VF before and after swallows
Thyroepiglottic
Vagus (10)
Helps invert the epiglottis
Sternohyoid
C1-3
Pulls hyolaryngeal complex inferior and anterior
Contributes to UES opening
Depresses larynx during respiration
Sternothyroid
C1-3
Pulls hyolaryngeal complex inferior and anterior
Contributes to UES opening
Depresses larynx during respiration
Omohyoid
C1-3
Pulls hyolaryngeal complex inferior and anterior
Contributes to UES opening
Depresses larynx during respiration
Thyrohyoid
Hypoglossal (12)
Elevates thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone (depresses), elevates the larynx
