Effects School To Reception Theory

Question 1

Stuart Hall, Encodings/Decodings, 1973

Answer 1

Argues that any televisual broadcast is encoded with certain meanings but it is up to that audience to decide how to decode these meanings: they have one of three readings:
Dominant: they accept the preferred meaning
Negotiated: they accept some parts of the preferred meaning but object to others
Oppositional: they object to all preferred meanings and create their own suitable reading

Question 2

Elizabeth M. Perse, 2016, on effects school

Answer 2

Argues that the effects school, the idea that some effects of televisual broadcasts happen to the audience regardless of their own readings, is still relevant because there is still knowledge gained from educational programmes, physical and emotional responses to certain content, and psychological effects such as body image

Question 3

Greg Philo and Glasgow Media Group, 2014, on effects theory in social practice

Answer 3

Study of relationship between parents and children, applying effects theory to it, found that parents often didn’t have a full effect on their children and children admitted to not always obeying them, or taking a ‘negotiated’ view of their instructions