Effects of Systemic Diseases on the CV system Flashcards
Name some examples of systemic conditions that effect the cardiovascular system
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension
- COPD
- Amyloidosis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Vasculitis
- Thyroid disease
- Sarcoidosis
- Nutrition
- Drugs
What is Glycation?
Process of non enzymatic sticking of glucose onto a protein, changing its characteristics.
What is the clinical significance of glycation?
Glycated haemoglobin occurs if there is high glucose levels. Since there is a slow turn over of cells then you can measure how high the glucose has been in the past 6-12 weeks.
What is the negative impact of glycation
If it occurs to cells of the basement membrane then can cause oxidative damage which can result in accelerated vascular damage.
What is the importance of hypertension?
It can cause damage to blood vessels and cause more turbulence flow which can cause peripheral vascular disease and atherosclerosis.
What is the clinical significance of chronic obstructed pulmonary disease
Emphysema can cause destruction of lung tissue resulting in small holes. These holes cause the shunting of blood meaning it can no longer undergo gas exchange therefore causing heart damage. PH = RVH
What is Amyloidosis?
Abnormal packaging of proteins which are deposited in basement membranes and capillary beds which causes leaking.
What are the two main amyloid substances and the condition they are associated with?
AL - Myeloma associated
AA - Reactive (such as chronic sepsis)
What is the significance of rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis?
Both cause issues with CV system
What is the clinical significance of thyroid dysfunction?
Patients with overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction are at increased risk of heart failure
What is the clinical significance of sarcoidosis?
Granulomas can form in the heart which can cause scarring and therefore lead to arrhythmias
What is the clinical significance of diet?
Famine results in stress response enzyme which can result in increased risk of cardiovascular disease
What is the clinical significance of drugs?
Anticancer, immunosuppressive, diabetogenic and anti-inflammatory drugs can cause damage to blood vessels and heart.
