Effects of Smoking

Question 1

What substances are found in cigarettes that effect the body?

Answer 1

Tar
Carcinogens
Carbon monoxide
Nicotine

Question 2

What are the effects of Tar on the body? (4)

Answer 2

• Accumulates in the airways
• Destroys cilia
• Stimulates goblet cells to secrete more mucus
• Causes chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 3

What are the effects of Carcinogens on the body? (3)

Answer 3

• Causes mutations in epithelial cells.
• Genes effected are known as oncogenes
• Causes cancer

Question 4

What are the effects of Carbon monoxide on the body? (3)

Answer 4

• Absorbed into the blood
• Combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin.
• Leads to heart disease as heart muscle becomes starved of oxygen.

Question 5

What are the effects of Nicotine on the body? (3)

Answer 5

• Absorbed into the blood
• Increases heart rate and blood pressure
• Increases risk of blood clots forming.

Question 6

What are the causes and symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis?

Answer 6

Inflammation of the lining of the airways, damage to the cilia and over production mucus.
Symptoms:
Irritation of the lungs
Continually coughing
Coughing up mucus that is often filled with battery ad white blood cells.

Question 7

What are the causes and symptoms or Emphysema?

Answer 7

The loss of elasticity in the alveoli which causes them to burst.
Symptoms:
Shortness of breath
Harder to exhale
More shallow and rapid breathing
fatigue

Question 8

What are the symptoms of Lung cancer?

Answer 8

Continual coughing
Shortness of breath
Pain in the chest
Blood coughed up in the sputum

Question 9

What is a stroke caused by?

Answer 9

Death of part of the blood tissue due to the loss of blood flow to that part of the brain.

1. Blood clot floating around in the blood blocks a small artery leading to part of the brain.
2. An artery bursts.