Definitions Flashcards
Health
A state of physical and mental wellbeing.
Balanced diet
This is when the diet contains all of the nutrients in the correct proportions.
Obesity
A medical condition characterised by the accumulation of excess body fat to a pint where this will have a negative impact on health.
Malnutrition
This is a state that results from not consuming a balanced diet. It may arise from consuming an excessive amount of certain nutrients or having a deficiency of certain nutrients.
Atherosclerosis
A medical condition caused by the deposition of lipids, cholesterol and calcium salts in arteries.
Selective breeding
The selection of individuals with desirable traits.
Salting
This creates a water potential gradient between the food and any micro-organism. Water moves out of the micro-organism’s cell by osmosis.
Pickling
Ethanoic acid gives a very low pH. So enzymes in spoilage micro-organisms become denatured.
Freezing
Water frozen, so is unavailable for micro-organisms to use. Their enzymes also become inactivated.
Heat treatment
Pasteurisation
Ultra-heat treatment
Irradiation
X-Rays and gamma radiation kill bacteria and fungal moulds by breaking bonds in proteins and DNA.
Yeast
Produces ethanol when it uses sugars during anaerobic respiration.
Another use of yeast
Produces carbon dioxide when it uses sugars during anaerobic respiration (bread)
Penicillium
Used during production to add a bluish colour and an extra flavour to this product of curdled milk.
Disease
A departure from good health caused by a malfunction of the mind or body.
Pathogen
An organism that causes disease
Parasite
An organism that lives in or on another organism and causes harm to its host.
Host
An organism that harbours a pathogen on or in its body.
Vector
An organism that carries and transmits a pathogen to another organism.
Immune response
A specific response to a pathogen, which involves the action of lymphocytes and the production of antibodies.
Antigen
A molecule on the surface of a pathogen that stimulate an immune response.
Antibody
A protein molecule that can identify and neutralise pathogens.
Hers vaccination
This is when all or almost of the population are given the vaccination.
