Effects of health and fitness on the body Flashcards
Define short term effects of health and fitness activities
Changes that happen to the body during exercise and up to 36 hours afterwards
Define long term effects of health and fitness activities
Adaptions that the body makes due to health and fitness activities 36 ours to months afterwards
List some short term effects
Increased breathing rate and depth
Heart rate increases
Stroke volume increases
Cardiac output increases
Blood pressure increases
Body temperature increases
Hydration levels decrease
Muscles fatigue
DOMS
Light headedness
Nausea
Tiredness
Explain why the short term effects occur
increase oxygen, remove Co2, muscles burn glucose and fat producing heat, water lost through sweat, lactic acid forms, reduced blood flow to GI tract
What is DOMS
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Aching in muscles 24 hours after exercise due to tiny tears in muscle
What is the impact on performance of short term effects of exercise?
Can work longer without tiring.
Can overheat and dehydrate.
unable to exercise effectively if tired nausea etc
List long term effects of health and fitness
Improved cardiovascular endurance
Improved efficiency to use oxygen
Lower blood pressure
Decreased resting heart rate
Cardiac hypertrophy
Improved muscular endurance
Improved muscle strength
Improved resistance to fatigue
Muscle hypertrophy
Increased volume of red cells
Improved flexibility
Body shape change
Why does blood pressure lower as a long term result of exercise
As the walls of the arteries become more elastic reducing the pressure inside
Why does heart rate fall as a long term effect of exercise
The heart is stronger so can pump more blood per beat
What is cardiac hypertrophy?
Increase in size and strength of heart muscle
Why does muscular endurance improve as a long term effect of exercise
Muscle mass and number of capillaries in muscle increases
How does muscular strength increase with exercise
When muscles work against resistance the fibres sustain damage and are repaired in greater numbers and thicker than before
What are the body shape types
ectomorph
endomorph
mesomorph
these can change with exercise
What happens if an endomorph trains?
Lose weight
Increase muscle mass
What happens if an ectomorph trains
Increase muscle mass
Fat loss occurs
What happens if a mesomorph trains
Increase muscle mass
Low level fat is reduced further
Define hypertrophy
An increase in the size of muscle cells
Why does flexibility improve?
With regular stretching muscles and tendons become more elastic so the joint can move through larger range of movement
Why does red cell volume change
When we exercise number of red cells increases so more oxygen can get tot he muscles and the athlete can work for longer
