effects of exercise Flashcards
what are the short term effects on the muscular system
- muscle temperature increases
- lactic acid is produced
- vascular shunt
- increase in heart rate
what happens when muscle temperature increases
- energy is produced and the temperature increases as a bi-product
- the increase in temperature makes muscles more flexible and injuries less likely to occur
what happens when lactic acid is produced
- lactic acid is a bi-product of exercising anaerobically
- lactic acid in the muscles result in muscular pain leading to fatigue and underperforming
what happens when vascular shunting occurs
- blood is redistributed to working muscles during exercise than non-essential organ
what happens when heart rate increases
- heart rate increase to supply the working muscles with more blood which carries oxygen
- oxygen combines with glucose to provide energy
what is anticipatory rise
your heart rate increases due to an increase in adrenaline as you prepare to start your sporting activity
what are short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
- increase in stroke volume
- increase in cardiac output
what happens when an increase in stroke volume occurs
- there is an increase of blood being pumped out of the heart
- therefore more oxygen reaches the muscles
- meaning more energy being created to allow the performer to continue working at a high intensity
what happens when an increase in cardiac output occurs
- during exercise the volume of blood being ejected increases
- the amount if blood reaching the muscles increases
what are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system
- increase in breathing rate
-increase in minute ventilation - increase in tidal volume
what happens when an increase in breathing rate occurs
- as we exercise we require more oxygen
- we thus breathe quicker to allow more oxygen to reach our muscles
what happens when an increase in minute ventilation occurs
the higher our minute ventilation is, the more oxygen we can get into our muscles
what happens when an increase in tidal volume occurs
-as we exercise we require more oxygen
-for this to occur we breathe deeper allowing more oxygen to reach our muscles
what are the long term effects of exercise on the muscular system
- muscle hypertrophy occurs
- muscular strength increases
-muscular endurance increases - increased resistance to fatigue
what happens when muscle hypertrophy occurs
- the muscles increase in size
- this leads to an increase in muscular strength
what happens when muscular strength increases
- as muscles adapt to high intensity training they become stronger
- there is also ans increase in the thickness of the muscle thus muscle and tendon strength will increase
what happens when muscular endurance increases
- slow twitch muscle fibres will get larger
- this gives higher potential for energy production
- the capacity to carry oxygen will also increase thus the athlete becomes aerobically fitter
what happens when an increase resistance to fatigue occurs
- muscles increase the amount of time they can work for before fatigue
- the muscles are more efficient meaning they can create more energy to delay the onset of fatigue.
-this results in the athlete working harder for longer
what are the long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
- heart hypertrophy occurs
- resting heart rate decreases
- resting stroke volume increases
- recovery rate increases
- capillarisation increases
what happens when heart hypertrophy occurs
- the heart becomes larger and stronger
- the wall of the left ventricle becomes thicker increasing the strength of contraction
- this means more blood is being pumped out of the heart thus increasing the amount of oxygen and energy being produced
what happens when resting heart rate decreases
- due to heart hypertrophy it means it takes less beats in a minute to supply the body with enough oxygen at rest
- this reduces how hard the heart needs to work meaning heart rate returns to normal quickly
- the heart is more efficient
what happens when resting stroke volume increases
as the heart is larger and stronger it can pump more blood in each beat
what happens when cardiac output increases
increases cardiac output allows an athlete to work harder for longer as more blood can be delivered to working muscles
what happens when capillarisation increases
- regular training causes new capillaries to be produced
- allows more blood flow and thus oxygen to working muscles.
- existing capillaries become more efficient
