cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 1

what is the function of an artery

Answer 1

to carry oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart through the aorta

Question 2

what are the characteristics of arteries

Answer 2

• carry blood under high pressure from the heart to the body tissues
• thick muscular walls

Question 3

what is the function of a vein

Answer 3

to carry deoxygenated blood back (in) to the heart from all over the body

Question 4

characteristics of veins

Answer 4

• carry blood at low pressure
• thinner walls than arteries
• they contain valves that prevent the backflow of blood

Question 5

what is the function of capillaries

Answer 5

small blood vessels that link the arteries to the veins

Question 6

characteristics of capillaries

Answer 6

• only one cell thick
• occur in large quantities around the muscle
  enables effective gas exchange

Question 7

what is a vascular shunt

Answer 7

during exercise, blood flow redirects to the muscles increases to meet the oxygen demand

Question 8

what is the function of the aorta

Answer 8

carries oxygenated blood which is pumped through at high pressure from the heart to the body

Question 9

what is the function of the pulmonary vein

Answer 9

returns oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 10

what is the function of the pulmonary artery

Answer 10

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 11

what is the function of the vena cava

Answer 11

returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 12

what is the function of the left atrium

Answer 12

an upper chamber receiving oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 13

what is the function of the left ventricle

Answer 13

a lower chamber containing oxygenated blood

Question 14

what is the function of the right ventricle

Answer 14

a lower chamber containing deoxygenated blood

Question 15

what is the function of the right atrium

Answer 15

an upper chamber receiving deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 16

what is the function of the semi-lunar valve

Answer 16

prevent expelled blood flowing back into the heart

Question 17

what is the function of the bicuspid valve

Answer 17

prevent blood flowing back into the left atrium

Question 18

what is the function of the septum

Answer 18

the wall dividing the left and right sides of the heart

Question 19

what is the function of the tricuspid valve

Answer 19

prevent blood flowing back into the right atrium

Question 20

what is the role of red blood cells

Answer 20

• red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs into the muscles and removed carbon dioxide from the muscles to the lungs.
• they carry oxygen to working muscles
• without them performers would fatigue and stop

Question 21

what is the definition of heart rate

Answer 21

the number of beats per minute

Question 22

what is the definition of stroke volume

Answer 22

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

Question 23

what is the definition of cardiac output

Answer 23

the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute

Question 24

how do you calculate cardiac output

Answer 24

heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output

Question 25

what is the definition of gaseous exchange

Answer 25

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and bloodstream

Question 26

what is the definition of alveoli

Answer 26

clusters of tiny air sacs covered in the capillaries which allows gaseous exchange

Question 27

what is the passage of air from when oxygen is breathed in

Answer 27

mouth/nose - trachea - bronchi - bronchiole - alveoli

Question 28

what are the muscles that aid the process of breathing

Answer 28

- diaphragm - intercostal muscles

Question 29

what is the function of thin walls in alveoli

Answer 29

small distance gases to diffuse faster and more efficiently

Question 30

what is the function of alveoli being surrounded by capillaries

Answer 30

to provide blood for gas exchange

Question 31

what is the function of having a large number of alveoli

Answer 31

more gas can pass through and for more efficient gas exchange

Question 32

what is the function of the walls of alveoli being moist

Answer 32

gases dissolve to pass through

Question 33

what is the function of the walls of alveoli containing elastic fibres

Answer 33

allows the walls to increase surface area

Question 34

what is the definition of tidal volume

Answer 34

the volume of air inspired or expired per breath. this increases during exercise

Question 35

what is the definition of breathing rate

Answer 35

the number of breaths per minute

Question 36

what is the definition of minute ventilation

Answer 36

the volume of air that is inspired and expired in one minute

Question 37

how do you calculate minute ventilation

Answer 37

minute ventilation = tidal volume x breathing rate

Question 38

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 38

- aerobic exercise uses oxygen - it is the ability to continuously exercise without tiring

Question 39

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 39

- being able to exercise without the use of oxygen - with no oxygen available, glucose is used but produces energy and lactic acid - it is high intensity and short duration