Effects of exercise

Question 1

Heart performance

what are the 3 key measures of heart performance?

Answer 1

Heart rate
the number of times the heart beats per minute
measured in beats per minute (bpm)
Stroke volume
The volume of blood the left ventricle ejects (pumps out) with each beat
Cardiac Output
Heart rate * Stroke volume

Question 2

Lung performance

what are the 3 lung performance measures?

Answer 2

Tidal volume
volume of air (mm) that is breathed either in or out in 1 breath
Breathing rate
Number of breaths taken per minute (either through inspirations or expirations)
Minute ventilation
Tidal volume*Breathing rate

Question 3

How does breathing change during exercise?

Answer 3

Gets faster

Gets deeper

Question 4

what are the short term effects of exercise?

Answer 4

Breathing rate
Heart rate
Redistribution of blood
Body temperature

Question 5

Heart rate

Answer 5

The body will increase it’s breathing rate
The depth of breathing also increases which increases the tidal volume of breaths
increases minute ventilation
gaseous exchange can happen at a faster rate in the lungs
More oxygen enters the blood, person breathes out more
Carbon dioxide

Question 6

Heart rate

Answer 6

The body will increase its heart rate
The heart beats more powerfully which increases stroke volume
This will increase cardiac output. This means that more
oxygenated blood can be pumped around the body
each minute.

Question 7

Redistribution of blood

Answer 7

The width of blood vesself supplying the blood widens, supplying them with more oxygenated blood
At the same time the blood vessels supplying organs that are not essential for exercise (e.g stomach,liver)get narrowed, reducing bloodflow to these organs

Question 8

Body temperature

Answer 8

Body temperature increases because the muscles are contracting more and creating more heat

Question 9

How is lactic acid produced?

Answer 9

By anaerobic respiration

Question 10

Lactic acid

Muscle fatigue

Answer 10

The lactic acid built up in anaerobic exercise builds up in muscles and can cause pain and someone to be fatigued (tired)

Question 11

Lactic acid

Oxygen debt

Answer 11

Oxygen debt is the temporary shortage of oxygen in the body because of tiring activity
when anaerobic activity stops the performer will continue to breathe heavily
This helps to remove the build-up of lactic acid at the working muscles.
In thjis way the body “repays” it’s oxygen debt

Question 12

What do cardiovascular and Respiratory systems do?

Answer 12

These two body systems work together during and after exercise to keep up the demands of muscles and help them recover

Question 13

Oxygen

Answer 13

Oxygen requirements are larger during exercise (for anaerobic respiration) and also after exercise (to repay oxygen debt)
How are these requirements met?
Increased breathing rate and depth help bring in more oxygen to the lungs
increased cardiac output helps pump oxygenated blood more quickly into muscles

Question 14

Oxygen

Answer 14

More carbon dioxide is produced during exercise as a waste product of aerobic respiration. The removal of this extra carbon dioxide is helped by:
Increased cardiac output brings blood containing carbon dioxide to the lungs faster.
Increased breathing rate and depth allow carbon dioxide to be breathed out faster.

Answer 15

Oxygen requirements are larger during exercise for anaerobic respiration and also after exercise to repay oxygen debt.

Answer 16

Increases in breathing rate during exercise mean gaseous exchange can happen faster in the lungs, leading to a person breathing out more carbon dioxide.

Question 17

Long-Term Effects of Exercise on the Musculoskeletal System

Answer 17

Muscle hypertrophy
Muscular endurance
Bone density

Question 18

Muscle hypertrophy

Answer 18

By training anaerobically, the body will also increase in muscular size (hypertrophy).
This happens when a performer trains using heavy weights at a high intensity. They can do repetitions (lifts per set) and sets (cycles of repetitions) to build muscle mass.

Question 19

Muscular endurance

Answer 19

Long periods of low intensity exercise (e.g. marathon-running) helps develop muscular endurance.
Muscular endurance is muscles’ ability to carry on working without breaks.

Question 20

Bone density

Answer 20

Exercise often causes certain bones to become more dense, which makes them stronger.
Weight-bearing activities (e.g. jogging) cause the biggest bone density increases.
This reduces the chance of bone injuries such as breakages.

Question 21

Muscular strength

Question 21

Muscular strength