Effects

Question 1

Ceftriaxone
effects

Answer 1

IM/IV effects:
- onset: n/a
- peak: n/a
- duration: n/a

Question 2

Midazolam
Effects

Answer 2

IM:
- onset: 3 - 5 minutes
- peak: 15 minutes
- duration: 30 minutes

IV
- onset: 1 - 3 minutes
- peak: 10 minutes
- duration: 20 minutes

Question 3

Salbutamol
effects

Answer 3

nebulised
- onset: 5 - 15 minutes
- peak: n/a
- duration: 15 - 50 minutes

Question 4

Prochlorperazine
effects

Answer 4

• onset of action: 10 - 20 minutes
• Duration of action: 3 - 4 hours

Question 5

Paracetamol
effects

Answer 5

• onset of action: 30 minutes (oral), 5-10 minutes (IV)
• duration of action: 4 hours

Question 6

Ondansetron
effects

Answer 6

• peak: 10 minutes (IV, IM); 30 minutes (oral)
• duration of action: several hours

Question 7

normal saline
effects

Answer 7

IV half-life
- approximately 30 - 60 minutes

Question 8

Naloxone
effects

Answer 8

IV
- onset: 1 - 3 minutes
- peak: n/a
- duration: 30 - 45 minutes

IM
- onset: 1 - 3 minutes
- peak: n/a
- duration: 30 - 45 minutes

Question 9

Morphine
effects

Answer 9

IV
- onset: 2 - 5 minutes
- peak: 10 minutes
- duration: 1 - 2 hours

IM
- onset: 10 - 30 minutes
- peak: 30 - 60 minutes
- duration: 1- 2 hours

Question 10

Methoxyflurane
effects

Answer 10

• onset: within 6 to 10 breaths
• duration of action: effects last 3-5 minutes after stopping the inhalations. One vial provides up to 25 minutes of analgesia with continuous use

Question 11

Ketamine
affects

Answer 11

IV
- the onset of action: 30 seconds (anesthesia)
- duration of action: 5 - 10 minutes
(anesthesia)

IM
- onset of action: 3 - 4 minutes
- duration of action: 45 minutes

IN
- onset: 5 minutes
- peak: 20 minutes
- duration of action: 45 minutes

Question 12

Ipratropium Bromide
effects

Answer 12

Nebulised
- onset: 3 - 5 minutes
- peak: 1.5 - 2 hours
- duration: 6 hours

Question 13

Glyceryl Trinitrate
effect

Answer 13

• onset: 1 - 3 minutes (S/L); up to 20 minutes (transdermal)
• peak: 5 minutes (S/L); 2 hours (transdermal)
• duration of action: at least 25 minutes (S/L); patch continuously releases GTN until removed

Question 14

Glucagon
effects

Answer 14

not all patients will respond well especially those that have inadequate glycogen stored in the liver due to being alcoholic or malnourished

IM effects
- onset: 5 minutes
- peak: n/a
- duration: 25 minutes

Question 15

Dextrose 10%
Effects

Answer 15

IV effects
- onset: 3 minutes
- peak n/a
- duration: depends on the severity of the hypoglycaemic episode

Question 16

Dexamethasone
effects

Answer 16

IV effects
- onset: 30 - 60 minutes
- peak: 2 hours
- duration: 36 - 72 hours

Question 17

Fentanyl
Effects

Answer 17

IV effects
- onset: Immediate
- Peak: <5 minutes
- Duration: 30 - 60 minutes

IN effects
- Peaks: 2 minutes

Question 18

Aspirin
Effects

Answer 18

• Onset: n/a
• Peak: n/a
• Duration: 8 - 10 days

Question 19

Adrenaline
Effects

Answer 19

IV effects
- onset: 30 seconds
- peak: 30 - 5 minutes
- Duration: 5 - 10 minutes

IM effects
- onset: 30 - 90 seconds
- peak: 4 - 10 minutes
- duration: 5 - 10 minutes

Question 20

Heparin
Effects

Answer 20

IM effects
onset: Immediate
duration: 3-6 hours

Question 21

Lidocaine
Effects

Answer 21

IM route
onset: 1-5 minutes (infiltration) 5-15 minutes (other routes)
duration of action: 1-1.5 hours

Route
- IM (when used to reconstitute ceftriaxone only)
- Local tissue infiltration (for chest decompression)
- IO - infuse slowly over 120 seconds and allow to dwell for 60 seconds. Flush IO catheter with normal saline (5-10mL for adults, 2-5mL for pediatrics)

Question 22

Olanzapine
Effects

Answer 22

ODT is dissolved in the mouth and then swallowed
Onset: 15 minutes
Duration: 12-24 hours

Question 23

Oxytocin
Effects

Answer 23

Route: IM
Onset of action: 2 - 4 minutes
Duration of action: 30 - 60 minutes

Question 24

Tenecteplase
effects

Answer 24

• IV, using vial adaptor on the pre-prepared syringe, as a single bolus over 10 seconds
• IO (consult)