Effect Of Single Bout Of Exercise On Body Organ.(Chronic)

Question 1

Adaptation of different body systems to chronic (long term ) exercise.

Answer 1

Taking part in a regular exercise or training around three times per week for six weeks will lead to the adaptation of the body systems that are used or trained..

The effect of increasing performance is often beneficial to general health and everyday life.

Question 2

Respiratory system adaptation to chronic exercise

Answer 2

• Increased strength of respiratory muscles
• Increased vital capacity
• Increased oxygen diffusion rate

*Increased minute ventilation

Question 3

1. Explanation on increase in respiratory muscles strength

Answer 3

During chronic exercise, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles increase in strength

Means the thoracic cavity can expand more than normal ..

the inhalation of a higher amount of O2 and exhalation of CO2.

Question 4

Increased Vital capacity

Answer 4

Vital capacity is the highest amount of air that can be breathed out (expired ) after breathing in as much as possible (inspiration).

The main reason for this is the increased strength of the intercostal muscles.

This allows the Lungs to expand easier during inspiration and contract easier during expiration

Question 5

Increased oxygen diffusion rate

Answer 5

Chronic exercises leads to a surge in the number and size of capillaries.

These allows for more oxygen to get into the blood stream from the aveoli In the lungs, and more co2 can diffuse into the aveoli from the blood.

Question 6

Increased minute ventilation

Answer 6

Minute ventilation is the amount of air that is either inspired or expired in one minute.

This can be affected by both breathing rate and the tidal volume.

This adaptation is as a result of stronger respiratory muscles.

Question 7

Cardiovascular system adaptation

Answer 7

• Cardiac hypertrophy
• Increased stroke volume
• Capillarisation

Question 8

Cardiac hypertrophy?

Answer 8

The wall of the left ventricle thickens when it is used more in a way an athlete would use it.

This implies stronger pumping action of which allows more blood to be pumped out of the heart.

Question 9

Increased stroke volume , Increased cardiac output and decreased resting heart rate..

Answer 9

These imply that the heart has become more efficient which would help in delivering oxygen to the skeletal muscles.

Question 10

Capillarisation, increased blood volume and decreased resting blood pressure.

Answer 10

Increased blood volume is as a result of increase in the formation of new capillaries (capillarisation)
To enhance more blood flow to the skeletal muscles, more oxygen is delivered while more carbon dioxide and lactic acid are removed from the blood stream.

Question 11

Musculoskeletal system adaptation?

Answer 11

*Muscle hypertrophy

*Increase in myoglobin and bone calcium stores

*Increase in tendon and ligament stretchability

*Increase in mitochondria number

• Increase storage of glycogen and fat
• Increase tolerance to lactic acid
• Increase in muscular strength
• Increase in production of synovial fluid.

Question 12

Muscle hypertrophy

Answer 12

chronic exercise causes increase in the size of muscle cells.

Resistance-trained skeletal muscles exerts considerably more force because of the increase in the size of muscle and increase in the number of muscle fibre recruitment

Question 13

What is Body composition ?

Answer 13

Is the proportion of fat and fat free mass in the body.

Question 14

Note on body composition?

Answer 14

• A healthy body composition is the one that includes lower percentage of body fat and a higher percentage of fat free mass
  Which includes

Muscle

Bones
Organs

Question 15

Factors affecting body composition?

Answer 15

Body composition can be influenced by factors that cannot be controlled..

1.Age :
People lose muscle mass as they age if they don’t maintain it with sufficient weight training. This results in slower metabolism

2. Sex :
   Women have more body fat than men as nature’s way of preparing them for pregnany and nursing..

3.Genes: These play a role in whether you are naturally lean or have a tendency to retain fat including where you store it..

4. Hormones : These can influence water retention and body

Question 16

Techniques for measuring body composition

Answer 16

1. Skinfold thickness
2. Body mass index (BMI)
3. Waist circumference (WC)
4. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA)
5. Dual energy xray absorptiometry (DXA)

Question 17

Effects of exercise on body composition

Answer 17

A. Reduced body fat

B. Increased metabolism and muscle tone

Question 18

Reduced body fat explain ?

Answer 18

Fat is the body preferred fuel source for the body.

Especially during low intensity exercise such as walking and yoga

During long- duration aerobic exercise your body uses primarily carbohydrates as the main fuel source for about first two to five minutes

As the duration increases the percentage of fat used also increases and the percentage of carbohydrates decreases.

Doing a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training will decrease fat mass while gaining some muscle mass…

Question 19

Increased metabolism and muscle tone

Answer 19

Body uses oxygen and energy derived from carbohydrates and fats to repair damaged tissues , cool body temperature and deliver nutrients to the cells

The strenuous resistance training can bring about fat loss.