Effect Of Single Bout Of Exercise On Body Organ.(Acute)

Question 1

Physical activity is defined as

Answer 1

An all inclusive term that refers to the

Expenditure of energy brought about by bodily movement via skeletal muscles.

Question 2

Difference btwn physical activity and exercise

Answer 2

Is that exercise is structured activity specifically planned to develop and maintain physical fitness…

Question 3

Uses of exercise are?

Answer 3

Enhancing growth and development

Preventing aging

Strengthening muscles
& Cardiovascular system

Honing athletic skills

Weight loss or maintenance

Improving health

Leisure.

Question 4

Note:

Answer 4

Aerobics (walking , jogging running , dancing )

Anareobic( wight training , sprinting )

Strength training ( lunge , bench press , push up)

Calisthenics ( dips , fartlek , circuit training )

Yoga

Question 5

Classification of exercise ?

Answer 5

Acute &
Chronic

Question 6

What is chronic exercises ?

Answer 6

Can be described as repeated amount of bouts of exercise during a short or long term period of time..
Physical conditioning is a result of chronic exercise, brought about by the adaptation of the body and its various systems to an exercise program.

Question 7

Acute exercise can be defined as ?

Answer 7

Single bout of exercise.
Body response to it are short term in nature because they are only present during activity or exercise.
The body returns to its pre- exercise levels and these responses are reversed.

Question 8

Note :

Answer 8

Any type of exercise requires energy for muscle contraction ..

The exercise intensity and duration determines the energy system to be used for generation of ATP.

A quick burst of muscular contraction for sprinting and wight lifting needs a phosphagen pathway.

400 meter athlete need a Lactic acid system

A marathoner needs an aerobic system

Question 9

Respiratory system response to acute exercises

Answer 9

• increased tidal volume
  *Increased breathing rate

Question 10

What is tidal volume ?

Answer 10

Is a measure of the amount of air a person inhales during a normal breathe.

Note: both aerobic and anaerobic exercise increases tidal volume because oxygen is depleted, thereby triggering a deeper tidal volume to compensate.

Question 11

What is Breathing rate?

Answer 11

The amount of oxygen used up by the cells of the body

Note: during exercise the cells respire than usual using more glucose and oxygen so they are supplied with new glucose and co2 is taken out.

During exercise the breathing rate will increase from about 15 breathe to about 40 breathe

And VO2 is the measure amount of oxygen taken in and used up by the body

Question 12

The most commonly used measure of respiratory function with exercise is ?

Answer 12

VO2 ( volume of oxygen intake)

Question 13

What is VO2 ?

Answer 13

Refers to the measure of the amount of oxygen taken up and used by the body.

Question 14

Cardiovascular response to acute exercises ?
(4)

Answer 14

• Heart rate anticipatory response
• Increased blood pressure and heart rate.
  *Increased stroke volume
  *Increased cardiac output.

Question 15

1) Explanation of heart rate anticipatory response ?

Answer 15

The resting heart rate for an average normal person is about (60-80bpm) and can be very low for an elite athlete (24-40 bpm).

Just before somebody is about to participate in an activity , the body will release chemicals such as epinephrine and adrenaline into the body which will increase the heart rate .

Question 16

2) Explanation on increased blood pressure and heart rate?

Answer 16

Blood pressure against the walls of the artery

During exercise the blood pressure will increase as well as the heart rate .

These are prevented from going too high by some specific mechanism

Question 17

3)What is stroke volume ?

Answer 17

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected per beat from the left ventricle.
Measured in ml/beat.

Question 18

Explanation on increased stroke volume ?

Answer 18

SV increases proportionally with exercise intensity

In untrained individuals SV rest is between 50- 70 ml/beat

During intense physical activity SV increases up to 110-130ml/beat

In elite athletes resting SV averages between 90-110ml/beat, increasing to as much as 150-220 ml/beat.

Question 19

4) Explanations on Increased cardiac output?

Answer 19

Cardiac output= heart rate × stroke volume

During strenuous exercise cardiac output rises dramatically

In untrained individuals, cardiac output goes up to fourfold
From 5L/min to 20L/min

In trained athletes it may be up to six or eight times , reaching as much as 40L/min

Because oxygen delivery by the cardiovascular system is the primary factor for determining exercise tolerance,
Trained are more capable of more strenuous exercises.

Question 20

What are the Muscular responses to acute exercise ?
(5)

Answer 20

1.Increased muscle blood flow
2.Increased motor unit and muscle fibre recruitment
3.Increased muscle pliability
4.Increased range of motion
5.Muscle fibre tear

Question 21

1. Explanation on increased muscle blood flow

Answer 21

At rest
Skeletal muscle receive less than a fourth of the cardiac output.(about 1.2L/min)

During exercise a shift in blood flow takes place

During exercise in highly trained athletes combination of increased cardiac output and vasodilation
can increase blood flow to exercising muscle to more than 22L/min.

The relative distribution to tissue also shifts

About 88% of cardiac output is diverted to the exercising muscles from 21%.

Question 22

2. Explanation on increased motor unit and muscle fibre recruitment?

Answer 22

Motor unit = a motor neuron and muscle fibre it stimulates

During exercise the brain recruits more motor units

So when the body requires more strength /power/ force there will be an increase in the number of motor unit recruited.

Increase in frequency of messages will increase the force produced in the muscle

All or none law : a motor unit either contracts fully or it does not contract

Contraction requiring maximum force will recruit more motor unit than the one requiring less force.

Question 23

3. Explanation on increase in muscle pliability?

Answer 23

During short exercise
Muscle pliability is increased due to body heat generation

This will reduce the likelihood of muscular injuries

Important to warm up before going into main exercises.

Question 24

4.Explanation on Increased range of motion ?

Answer 24

Acute exercise yields a warmer and thinner joint synovial fluid

Thereby allowing a more efficient movement

Muscle fibres and the connective tissues become more elastic which would allow them stretch easily …

Question 25

5.Explanation on muscle fibre tears ?

Answer 25

The muscle fibre micro tears as a result of acute exercise.

These tend to pull against one another during intense exercise

This is why we ache after engaging in strenuous exercise

Question 26

6.Response of acute exercise on nervous system

Answer 26

Improved cognition

Improved emotional state

Question 27

Explanation on improved cognition?

Answer 27

The immediate effect of exercise are on the neurotransmitters.

This causes complex signals to pass through the neurons of the brain.

This alerts the brain for learning and makes them retain information easily

Question 28

Explanation on improved emotional state?

Answer 28

Acute exercise has been shown to enhance mood and emotional states….

Question 29

During intense exercise breathing rate moves from 15 breathe per minute to ?

Answer 29

40-50 breathe per minute