Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PEDIATRICS > EENT > Flashcards

EENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Mastoiditis?

A

characterized by pain, postauricular cellulitis, and a spiking fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the best way to diagnose mastoiditis?

A

CT Scan: reveals coalescent mastoiditis: bony destruction of the mastoid air cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If mastoidiits if present what other condition will almost, always be present?

A

Acute otitis media (AOM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

INITIAL treatment for mastoiditis?

A

IV antibiotics: Cefazolin AND myringotomy for culture and drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you treat mastoiditis if antibiotics do not work?

A

Mastoidectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acute Otitis Externa

A

“Swimmer’s Ear;” inflammation of the external auditory ear canal

MC in summer months and warm climates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common orgnaisms that cause acute otitis media?

A

Pseudomonas
Proteus
Aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S/S of acute otitis externa?

A
  • ear pain (otlagia)
  • tugging on the auricle elicts pain ear canal edema and erythema often with purulent exudate
  • periauricular cellulitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PE of acute otitis media

A

TM is hrd to visualize due to the swelling, but there is erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are immunocompromised and diabetic patients at risk for developing regarding acute otitis media?

A

malignnant otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

malignnant otitis media

A

MC in the elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

S/S of malignnant otitis media

A

Severe auricular pain, persistent otorrhea
**Cranial Nerve palsies if osteomyelitis occurs
**May radiate to TMJ (pain with chewing)
Severe auricular pain on traction of the ear canal or tragus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dx of malignant otitis media

A

CT or MRI: granulation tissue at the bony cartilagenous junction of the ear canal floor

Biopsy: most accurate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx of otitis externa

A

Fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloaxcin) drops
Older kids get oral cipro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes acute otitis media?

A

**Viral URIs: lead to Eustachian tube dysfunction.

**Most commonly associated with a preceding viral URI’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S/S of acute otitis media

A

fever
DECREASED HEARING/TM mobility (MOST SENSITIVE)
eair pain
aural pressure
often a fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MC organisms that cause acute otitis media

A

Strep pneumoniae (MC)
H. influenzae
Strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tx of acute otitis media

A

FIRST LINE: Amoxicillin

If patient was on Amoxicillin < 30 days or he is clinically failing within 48-72 hours: Augmentin

If PCN allergy: Cefuroxime, Cefpodoxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

**Tx of RECURRENT Otitis media

A

Sulamethoxazole or Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S/S of chronic otitis media

A

HALLMARK: aural purulent discharge
pain is uncommon
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS result from destruction of the tympanic membrane or ossicular chain or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tx of chronic otitis media

A

regular removal of infected debris, use of earplugs to protect against water exposure, and topical antibiotic drops (fluoropunilone + dexamtheasone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx for a chronically discharged ear of chronic otitis media?

A

oral ciprofloaxcin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DEFINITIVE treatment of chronic otitis media

A

surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Otitis media with effusion

A

** middle ear fluid + NO signs of acute inflammation (no fever or ear pain)
Often a result of viral URI
May be seen after resolution of AOM or in pts with ET dysfunction.*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

S/S of acute otitis media with effusion

A

*** decreased sound conduction and hearing.
**
→ may cause language and
* speech issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PE of acute otitis media with effusion

A

gray, amber, colorless effusion (air fluid levels or bubbles behind the membrane, loss of light reflex,

Retracted or flat tympanic membrane that is hypomobile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tx of acute otitis media with effusion

A

observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

S/S of TM perforation

A
  • Discharge from the ear.
  • Rapid relief of pain with** bloody otorrhea**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tx of TM perforation

A

Perfs d/t AOM usually heals spontaneously within a couple weeks.

Ototopical Abx for a 10-14 day course with referral to an ENT 2-3 weeks after the reuprure.

Limit water activities to surface swimming with use of ear plgs.

Avoid otic aminoglycosides, they are
ototoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Foreign body in the EAR

A

MC in kids
may be removed with a loop or hook (make sure not to push object further in the ear)

31
Q
A
32
Q

Why should aqueous objects NOT be performed in for organic foreign bodies (beans, insects)?

A

because the water may cause them to swell

33
Q

How are living insect best immobilized before being removed from the ear?

A

by filing the ear with lidocaine or mineral oil

34
Q

Why should lidocaine NEVER be used in a patient with a possible tympanic membrane perforation?

A

becuase it may result in a profiund vestibular repsonse

35
Q

Foreign body of the EYE

A

patient reports a history of “something hitting the eye”
tearing, painful red, irritated eyes

36
Q

Tx of Foreign body of the EYE

A

If on cornea: apply anesthestic and remove with help of slit lamp or fluroscein

If lid: removed with wet Q-Tip and hypodermic needle

If UNDER lid: apply local anesthetic and EVERT the lid; removed FB with wet Q-tip

If suspect laceration: refer immediately

37
Q

Foreign body of the NOSE

A

kid will have BAD breath!

38
Q

Periorbital Cellulitis

A

infectons arising from the ANTERIOR orbital septum

39
Q

Where can periorbital cellulitis arise from?

A

abrasion
insect bite of the eye lid
hordeolum or dacryocystitis
may result as a hematogenous spread from respiratory infection or OM

40
Q

S/S of periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis

A

red, swollen eye lids, pain, and mild fever

The vision, EOM, and eye itself are NORMAL

41
Q

Dx of periorbital and orbital cellulitis

A

CT with contrast

42
Q

Orbital cellulitis typically arises from

A

paranasal sinus infection (most commonly ethmoid sinuitis)

43
Q

What organism in orbital cellulitis causes a more serious infetion with increased frquency of intracranial or spinal abscess that may require a surgical intervention

A

S. anginosis

44
Q

S/S of orbital cellulitis

A
  • fever
  • swelling and redness of the eyes
  • proptosis
  • restriction with EOM
  • DECREASED vision
  • ABD
45
Q

Orbital cellulitis most commonly involves an infection _________ to the septum

A

POSTERIOR

46
Q

Tx of orbital cellulitis

A

Nafcillin + Metronizadole or Clindamycin

47
Q

What if trauma is an underlying causing in a patitent with orbital cellulitis?

A

Cefazolin or Ceftriaxone should be added

48
Q

Strabismus

A
49
Q

Strabismus

A
50
Q

S/S of strabismus

A
51
Q

Dx of strabismus

A
52
Q

Tx of strabismus

A
53
Q

S/S of allergic rhinitis

A
54
Q

PE of allergic rhinitis

A
55
Q

Tx of allergic rhinitis

A
56
Q

Risk factors for allergic rhinitis

A
57
Q

What are the most common causes of allergic rhinitis?

A
58
Q

What are the most common causes of allergic rhinitis?

A
59
Q

S/S of epiglottis

A
60
Q

Dx of epiglottis

A
61
Q

What position would see a child in, who has epiglottis?

A
62
Q

Tx for epiglottis

A
63
Q

Most common cause of pharyngitis?

A
64
Q

S/S of pharyngitis

A
65
Q

CENTOR criteria

A
66
Q

Traits of scarlet fever

A
67
Q

A kid with GABHS is in danger of developing what?

A

Scarlet fever

68
Q

What is the definitive diagnosis for a kid with pharyngitis?

A
69
Q

Tx for pharyngitis

A
70
Q

Peritonsillar abscess

A
71
Q

Risk factors for pharyngitis

A
72
Q

S/s of pertonsillar abscess

A
73
Q

Tx for peritonsollar abscess

A
74
Q

Tx for peritonsollar abscess

A

PEDIATRICS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions