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Epilepsy > EEG > Flashcards

EEG Flashcards

1
Q

How early can the driving response be seen?

A

3-4 months

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2
Q

Photo driving is best seen at what flash frequency in children 3-5 years?

A

Below 8 Hertz

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3
Q

What flash frequency is best seen in children 6-12 years?

A

6-16 Hz

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4
Q

Photo paroxysmal response is more likely to occur in school age children or adolescents?

A

School age children- including normal children

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5
Q

Can healthy adolescents exhibit photomyoclonic and photic convulsive responses?

A

Yes

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6
Q

At what age do vertex waves and K-complexes appear?

A

5 months

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7
Q

Early ages of vertex waves can be located?

A

Frontally

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8
Q

What is another name for frontal vertex waves?

A

F-waves

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9
Q

In school-ages children can vertex waves be asymmetrical?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What are frontal arousal rhythm?

A

Prolonged rhythmic sharp or spiky activity over the midline frontal region that can be seen in children 2-4 years

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11
Q

What is SREDA?

A

Seen in older adults, location is in the temporoparietal region, sharply contoured theta frequency, occurs at rest, drowsiness or HV.

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12
Q

Burst suppression pattern can be seen in two generalized states?

A

Brain inactivation ((general anesthesia, coma, hypothermia) and severe brain injury (anoxic/hypoxia, infantile encephalitis)

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13
Q

What is the bio marker of the epileptogenic zone?

A

Pathological high-frequency oscillations

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14
Q

Do EEG findings of spikes, slowing, or attenuation localize to the epileptogenic zone?

A

Does not localize consistently

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15
Q

What are delta brushes?

A

Normal feature in preterm babies less than 37 weeks gestation

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16
Q

When do delta brushes first appear?

A

At about 26weeks conceptual age

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17
Q

Prior to 32weeks how frequency is the fast component?

A

18 - 22 Hz

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18
Q

After 32weeks what is the frequency of the fast component of the delta brush?

A

8 - 12 Hz

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19
Q

Before 32 weeks where is the delta brush located?

A

Central regions

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20
Q

After 32 weeks delta brushes are located where?

A

Temporal- occipital regions

21
Q

Are delta brushes seen after 36 weeks?

A

Usually not in healthy neonate

22
Q

When does it become possible to stage sleep?

A

31-32 weeks

23
Q

In what stage of sleep are delta brushes more commonly seen?

A

NREN > R.E.M.

24
Q

What are SIRPIDs?

A

Stimulated-induced repetitive ictal discharges

25
Q

When are SIRPIDs are seen in what conditions?

A

Waveform elicited in critically ill patients

26
Q

What is the length of EEG monitoring to detect most of the seizures in non-comatose patients?

A

24 hours

27
Q

What is the percentage of patients in the ICU have sub clinical seizures?

A

19% of critically ill patients

28
Q

What is the percentage of seizures found in the first 24 hours of monitoring?

A

88%

29
Q

What are the risk factors for electrographic seizures in critically ill?

A

Coma, age < 18 years, history of epilepsy and convulsive seizures

30
Q

To evaluate AEDs to treat neonatal seizures why is cEEG needed?

A

Proving the clinical event or electrographic events are actually seizures and the frequency of short electrographic seizures

31
Q

What is another term for frontal sharp transients in neonatal EEG?

A

Encoches frontales

32
Q

What are frontal sharp transients in neonate?

A

Normal and noted especially during indeterminate sleep in term babies

33
Q

Frontal sharp transients are usually most common in what age range?

A

Most common in babies of 32-42 weeks gestation and are usually synchronous and symmetric

34
Q

During what stages are frontal sharp transients seen?

A

Most commonly in transitional or indeterminate sleep, and early quiet sleep and less commonly in active sleep

35
Q

What AEDs have been shown NOT to induce apoptosis in the developing brain?

A

LEV and CBZ

36
Q

What type of EEG finding can be associated with onset of seizures?

A

High frequency rhythmic activity

37
Q

Continuous EEG is useful for what clinical scenario?

A

To detect subtle or seizures with no motor components in patient in coma.

38
Q

What is the percentage of seizures not seen at bedside in the critical ill patient?

A

75%

39
Q

In cardiac arrest what is an unfavorable predictable finding?

A

Unfavorable EEG pattern- burst suppression or ISO-electric, absence of pupillary response at 48hours, bilateral absent somatosensory evoked potentials at 72 hours.

40
Q

Is there a different EEG pattern between hypoxia-ischemia and metabolic encephalopathies?

A

Hypoxia-ischemia is usually periodic while metabolic is usually triphasic

41
Q

What is the significance of rhythmic lateralized delta activity?

A

Is associated with 50%-60% risk of seizures, which is similar to lateralized periodic discharges

42
Q

What is the dynamic range of local field potentials recorded by intracranial EEG?

A

DC to 600 or higher Hz

43
Q

When EEG is performed on critically ill patients with acute neurological disorders electrographic seizures are found in what percentage?

A

10%-40%

44
Q

What is considered to be high frequency?

A

80 - 500 Hz

45
Q

What frequencies are considered ripples?

A

80 - 250 Hz

46
Q

What frequencies are considered fast ripples?

A

> 250 Hz

47
Q

What frequencies are considered very high oscillations?

A

> 1000 Hz

48
Q

What other activity occurs with HFO?

A

Interdict also spikes, with only 19% seen completely independent of spikes.

49
Q

HFO are specific for seizure onset?

A

Yes, fast ripples has sensitivity of 52% and spikes only 33%

Epilepsy (17 decks)

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